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Chapter 3 Vocab

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function

TermDefinition
Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are produced by other living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life.
Cytoplasm A jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks- such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions.
Organelles Structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell.
Prokaryotic Cell Doesn’t have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cell Have a nucleus and and other membrane-bound organelles.
Cytoskeleton A flexible network of proteins that provide structural support for the cell.
Nucleus The storehouse for most of the genetic information, or DNA, in your cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum An interconnected network of thin, folded membranes.
Ribosome Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to from proteins.
Golgi Apparatus Closely layered stocks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins.
Vesicle A general name used to describe small, membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within the cell.
Mitochondrion Supply energy to the cell.
Vacuole A fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell.
Lysosome Membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes.
Centriole Cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle.
Cell Wall A rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell.
Chloroplast Organelles that carry out photosynthesis, a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy into energy-rich molecules the cell can use.
Cell Membrane Forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.
Phospholipid Is a molecule composed of three basic parts: a charged phosphate group, glycerol, two fatty acid chains.
Fluid Mosaic Model Describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane.
Selective Permeability Allows some, but not all, materials to cross the cell membrane.
Receptor A protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response.
Passive Transport The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell.
Diffusion The movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Concentration Gradient The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
Osmosis Water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
Isotonic A solution that has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell.
Hypertonic A solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell.
Hypotonic A solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell.
Facilitated Diffusion The diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins.
Active Transport Drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Endocytosis The process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane.
Phagocytosis A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles.
Exocytosis The opposite of endocytosis, is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
Created by: SavanahT
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