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Ch1 a&p lecture

TermDefinition
Anatomy "A for architecture" Structures of the body Their physical relationship to one another
Physiology "P for purpose" Study of function How processes of life work
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy Examines large visible structures: -surface anatomy: exterior landmarks -regional anatomy: body areas -sectional anatomy: cross sections -systemic anatomy: organ systems) -developmental anatomy: from embryo to adulthood
Microscopic anatomy Study of structures we cannot see without magnification
Cytology The study of individual cells
Histology The study of tissues which are specialized cells that make up organs
Human physiology The study of functions of the human body
Cell physiology Function of cells, the chemistry in them and how they communicate
Organ physiology Functions of specific organs
Systemic physiology Function of organ systems
Pathological physiology Effects of diseases on organs or system functions
Symptoms Subjective changes in body function that are not apparent to observer
Signs Objective changes that are observed measured reported by clinician
Scientific method Observation Question Hypothesis Experiment Analysis Conclusion
Body organization: Chemical Atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular Cells are the smallest living unit in the body
Tissue A group of cells working together to perform one or more functions
Organ Made of two or more tissues working together for a specific purpose
Organ system Group of organs interacting to perform one or more functions
Organism An individual life form
Organ systems -integumentary Major organs - skin -hair -nails -sweat glands
Skeletal -Bones -cartilage -associated ligaments -bone marrow
Muscular -skeletal muscles and associated tendons
Nervous -Brain -spinal cord -peripheral nerves -sense organs
Endocrine -pituitary gland -thyroid gland -pancreas -adrenal glands -gonads -endocrine tissues in other systems
Cardiovascular -Heart -blood -blood vessels
Lymphatic (immune) -spleen -thymus -lymphatic vessels -lymph nodes -tonsils
Respiratory -Nasal cavities -sinuses -larynx -trachea -bronchi -lungs -alveoli
Digestive -teeth -tongue -pharynx -esophagus -stomach -small intestine -large intestine -liver -gallbladder -pancreas
Urinary -kidneys -ureters -urinary bladder -urethra
Male reproductive -testes -epididymides -ductus deferentia -seminal vesicles -prostate gland -penis -scrotum
Female reproductive -ovaries -uterine tubes -uterus -vagina -labia -clitoris -mammary glands
-Surface Anatomy Structures on or near the body surface that can be seen and used as reference points
Anatomical landmarks Structures that can be felt
Anatomical regions Specific areas used for reference purposes
Anatomical directions Closer or further away from a structure or plane
-Anatomical position Hands at side, palms forward -posterior (dorsal) -anterior (ventral)
Supine Lying down face up
Prone Lying down face down
Lateral recumbent Lying on one's side
Trendelenburg Lying down head downwards feet upwards /
Abdominal quadrants Four spaces defined by perpendicular lines that intersect at the navel (umbilicus) Right upper quadrant, left. Right lower quadrant, left.
Abdominopelvic regions 9 spaces defined to show relationship between internal organs
Abdominopelvic regions Right hypochondriac region, left Right lumbar region, left Right inguinal region, left Middle: epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
Anatomical directions - superior Above
Inferior Below
Anterior In front of
Posterior Behind
Medial Middle
Lateral Away from middle, to the outer sides
Intermediate Close to the middle, close to the outer sides
Proximal Close to the body part
Distal Away from the body part
Superficial External, at the surface
Deep Internal, away from surface
Cranial/Cephalic Toward the head
Caudal Towards the coccyx
Created by: violeta00
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