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AP U3 T1-4 (part 1)
Cellular Energetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism | metabolism |
| series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules | metabolic pathways |
| Metabolic pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. | catabolic pathways |
| Metabolic pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones. | anabolic pathways |
| the ability to do work | energy |
| energy due to motion | kinetic energy |
| energy associated with the movement of atoms or molecules (a type of kinetic energy) | thermal energy |
| stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object | potential energy |
| Energy stored in chemical bonds, can be released during a chemical reaction | chemical energy |
| The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. | thermodynamics |
| The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. | 1st law of thermodynamics |
| The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat, and in spontaneous reactions, the free energy of the system also decreases. | 2nd law of thermodynamics |
| the energy of a system that is available to do work at a constant temperature and pressure | free energy (Gibbs Free Energy) |
| reactions that release energy (ex: cellular respiration) | exergonic |
| reactions that absorb energy (ex: photosynthesis) | endergonic |
| beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, movement of chromosomes during cellular reproduction | mechanical work |
| the pumping of substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement | transport work |
| synthesis of complex molecules | chemical work |
| compound used by cells to store and release energy | Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
| a phosphate is removed from a molecule of ATP and transferred (along with energy) to a different molecule, providing energy to that molecul | phosphorylation |
| A reaction that will proceed without any outside energy | spontaneous reaction |
Created by:
MrsCSciencetT
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