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Ecosystems
6th Weeks Cummulative Test Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecosystem | all the organisms that live in an area together with all the nonliving factors of the environment; they are named for a dominant feature |
| ecology | the study of ecosystems |
| species | a group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring |
| population | all the organisms of the same species at the same place and time |
| community | many populations sharing the same environment |
| limiting factors | things that restrict how many organisms can live in a certain environment; food, water, light, living space |
| habitat | the place where an organism lives |
| niche | the special role an organism plays within its habitat |
| competition | when one or more individual or population tries to use the same resource; only the organisms that get what they need survive |
| producer | an organism that creates its own food, usually through photosynthesis |
| consumer | an organism that can't make its own food; gets its food from eating either producers or other consumers |
| decomposers | eats the remains or wastes of other organisms; examples - fungi and bacteria - the last step in any food chain |
| food chain | traces the path of energy at is moves from one organism to the next in an ecosystem |
| food web | a system of several overlapping food chains |
| biotic | the living factors in an ecosystem |
| abiotic | the non-living factors in an ecosystem |
| photosynthesis | process producers use to make their own chemical energy from the sun |
| sun | the first step in any food chain |
| cell | the basic unit of all living things |
| multi-cellular | an organism composed of more than one cell |
| uni-cellular | an organism composed of only one cell |
| microscope | tool used for observing specimens too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| prokaryotic | a cell without membrane bound internal structures; e.g. - no nucleus |
| eukaryotic | a cell with membrane bound internal structures such as a nucleus |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material in a cell; the brains of the cell |
| nucleus | the membrane bound organism in a cell that contains the DNA |
| heterotrophic | an organism that consumes other organisms to get the energy it needs to live |
| autotrophic | an organism that makes its own food, usually through photosynthesis |
| asexual reproduction | requires genetic material from only one parent |
| sexual reproduction | requires genetic material from two parents |
| bacteria | a prokaryotic domain; organisms in this domain are found everywhere |
| archaea | a prokaryotic domain; organisms in this domain live only in extreme environments |
| domain | the largest group in the classification system; there are three - archaea, bacteria and eukarya |
| animalia | a eukarya kingdom; animals are multi-cellular, reproduce sexually, have cell membranes and heterotrophic |
| kingdom | the second level in the classification hierarchy, there are six |
| classification heirarchy | the system for organizing all living things; domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| plantae | a eukarya kingdom; plants are multi-cellular, reproduce sexually, have cell walls and are autotrophic |
| protista | a eukarya kingdom; most protists are unicellular, reproduce asexually, have cell membranes. they can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic |
| fungi | a eukarya kingdom; fungi have cell walls, are heterotrophic, most reproduce asexually. they can be uni or multi-cellular |
| inner core | the center layer of the Earth is the most dense, has the highest pressure and the highest temperature; high pressure keeps it solid |
| outer core | surrounds the inner core of the Earth; it has less pressure and temperature than the inner core and is liquid |
| mantle | surrounds the outer core of the Earth; in a semi-solid state; gooey |
| crust | the outermost layer of the Earth; can be either ocean or continental |
| convection currents | these currents in the mantle are caused by temperature differences between the outer core and the crust; responsible for plate tectonics |
| convergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other |
| transform boundary | a plate boundary where two plates slide past each other |
| divergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| trench | a deep chasm formed at ocean to continental convergent boundaries |
| subduction zone | the area where one convergent plate goes beneath the other |
| tectonic plates | large sections of the Earth's crust that are constantly in motion due to convection currents in the mantle |
| volcanic mountains | formed at ocean to continental convergent boundaries |
| sedimentary rock | formed by cementing and compacting of sediments |
| metamorphic rock | new rock created when igneous or sedimentary rock is subjected to great heat and pressure |
| igneous rock | rock formed from cooling magma or lava |
| hardness scale | created by MOHS; used to measure the hardness of minerals |
| physical properties of minerals | the four used to identify are color, luster, hardness and streak |
| mid-ocean ridge | a land feature formed at underwater divergent boundaries |
| ring of fire | the area around the Pacific tectonic plate that has many volcanoes due to boundary activity |
Created by:
bwilliamsscience