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Unit 5 Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The procedure that removes a small tissue sample from the placenta of a developing fetus is called __________. | chorionic villus sampling |
| The procedure that extracts and tests amniotic fluid for the presence of disease-indicating molecules is called __________. | amniocentesis |
| What is not a multifactorial disorder? | hemophilia |
| Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a lethal dominant allele. Which of the following conditions is required for this disease to be passed on to future generations? | the disease symptoms do not arise until after reproductive age. |
| The most commonly inherited disorder among people of African descent is __________, a disease caused by malfunctioning hemoglobin proteins. | sickle-cell disease |
| What disorders is caused by the inheritance of a dominant allele? | achondroplasia |
| How do lethal recessive disorders, like cystic fibrosis, persist in populations? | the harmful allele can be "hidden" in carriers and passed through many generations undetected. |
| Genetic disorders are often more frequent in one group of people than another. For example, there is a high incidence of __________ in people of European descent. | cystic fibrosis |
| Two parents have normal skin coloration, but their child has albinism. What can you infer from this information? | albinism is a disorder caused by a recessive allele. |
| Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. A female carrier for cystic fibrosis would be represented in a pedigree as a __________. | half-shaded circle |
| In pedigree analysis, a __________ represents a male and a __________ represents a female. | square; circle |
| __________ characters are those in which the phenotype is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. | Multifactorial |
| Quantitative characters, or characters that vary along a continuum, often exhibit an additive effect known as __________ inheritance. | polygenic |
| The ability for the expression of one gene to affect the expression of a different gene is called __________. | epistasis |
| The ability of a single gene to affect an organism's phenotype in many ways is called __________. | pleiotropy |
| A parent with type __________ blood cannot have a child with type O blood. | AB |
| A woman (type A blood) and her partner (type B blood) have a child. Which of the following blood types are possible for their child? | A, B, AB, and O |
| There are __________ possible ABO blood types that are governed by __________ alleles. | 4; 2 |
| For a trait with __________, the heterozygote will have a blended phenotype that is an intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. | incomplete dominance |
| Which of the following items will be nearly identical between siblings? | their mitochondrial DNA |
| Mitochondrial disorders are inherited only from the __________. | mother |
| Most of the imprinted genes in mammals are those involved in __________. | embryonic development |
| Genomic imprinting generally occurs by silencing or activating a gene through the addition of __________ groups. | methyl |
| The phenomenon in which the expression of a particular allele depends on whether the allele was inherited from the egg or sperm is called __________. | genomic imprinting |
| An individual with the sex chromosomes XXY would develop __________ gonads. | male |
| The removal of a segment on chromosome 5 results in cri du chat syndrome; thus, this syndrome is caused by a chromosomal __________. | deletion |
| A __________ moves a segment from one chromosome to another chromosome, such as in chronic myelogenous leukemia. | translocation |
| __________, or having more than two complete sets of chromosomes, is usually less severe than aneuploidy and is common in the __________ kingdom. | polyploidy; plant |
| Individuals with an extra chromosome 21 are said to have __________ syndrome. | down |
| A cell that deviates from the typical number of chromosomes is said to be a(n) __________ cell. | aneuploid |
| An aneuploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome is __________ for that chromosome. | trisomic |
| A __________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during meiosis. | nondisjunction |
| The only known viable monosomy in humans is __________ syndrome, in which the female has only one X chromosome. | turner |
| What can you learn by knowing the recombination frequencies of pairs of genes? | the relative order of the genes along the length of the chromosome. |
| An ordered list of genetic loci based on recombination frequencies is called a __________ map. | linkage |
| Genes that are located very far apart on the same chromosome are called __________. | linked genes |
| Three genes (A,B,C) are on the same chromosome. The recombination frequencies are as follows: A-B: 30%, B-C: 6%, A-C: 24%. Which of the following statements about these genetic loci is false? | Gene A and Gene C have the least physical distance between them. |
| What process is responsible for the formation of recombinant offspring when two genetic loci are on the same chromosome? | crossing over |
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