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WJ Honors Bio AG R1
Biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is biotechnology? | the use of organisms to perform practical tasks for humans |
| Name some practical uses of biotechnology. | 1) medicine --> better medicine, such as insulin & vaccines 2) Agriculture --> use recombined bacteria to clean up polluted water supply --> better food |
| One form of genetic engineering,___________________________, involves cutting/cleaving DNA from one organism and into small fragments and inserting fragments into a host organism of the same or different species. | gene splicing |
| Gene splicing was made possible by the discovery of the _______________________ | restriction enzymes |
| Genes can be successfully transferred from one organism to another because of the universal _______________. | code |
| ______________________________________ are any organisms that have acquired one or more genes by artificial means. | Genetically modified organism (GMO) |
| A ___________ is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. Proteins express the characteristics of genes. | gene |
| By transferring genes from one organism to another, the genetically modified organism will acquire new ________________ as a result of the new gene/s. | genome (DNA) |
| If the new genetic material is from a different species, then the genetically modified organism is said to be _________________________ | transgenic |
| Name three potential benefits of genetically modified/engineered organisms: | 1. better products (e.g. sheep --> wool) 2. produce larger amounts of rare biological substances (for medicine) 3. Cloning -> mass produce organisms with desired traits |
| Name two potential risks of genetically modified organisms. | 1. GMOs could pass their new genes to related plants on accident 2. Unknown risks --> could harm the environment |
| ______________________________ are special enzymes that recognize a specific sequence of bases on DNA and act as molecular scissors, cutting the DNA at very specific places. | Restriction enzymes |
| Explain how restriction enzymes and plasmids are used to clone genes. | 1) Restriction enzyme cuts plasmid in one place but cuts human DNA molecule in many places 2) Sticky ends of plasmid match up with sticky ends of human DNA 3) DNA ligase joins the DNA molecules to create recombinant plasmid |
| Describe how a DNA fingerprint is created. | 1. take cell from a single drop of blood (hair follicle, etc) 2. DNA extracted & multiple copies made |
| Why does DNA move through a gel when an electrical current is applied? What is this process called? | All DNA molecules are negatively charged, so they move through the pores in the gel toward the positive pole --> GEL ELECTROPHORESIS |
| Why does a sample of DNA split up into different bands as it runs through a gel? | Shorter bands slip through the gel easier, so they go "down" farther |
| No two organisms will have identical DNA fingerprints except for __________________________ For this reason, DNA fingerprints can be used to identify individuals in crime and paternity cases. | Identical twins |
| _______________________________________ is made by connecting or recombining fragments of DNA (genes) from different sources. | Recombinant DNA |
Created by:
skurdoo
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