A catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP.

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD-plus and releasing carbon dioxide.

A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion (proton) concentration gradient to make ATP.

The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP.

A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide; in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; together with pyruvate oxidation

electron transport chain

A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present.

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose (or other organic molecules) without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate.

lactic acid fermentation

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide.

The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that can accept electrons, becoming NADH

An organism that only carries out fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Such organisms cannot use oxygen and in fact may be poisoned by it.

The complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.

A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a sugar or a protein.

an organic acid that probably occurs in all living cells, it ionizes to give a hydrogen ion and an anion,

The complete or partial addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.

A chemical reaction involving the complete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; short for reduction-oxidation reaction

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Vocab Ch. 7

Honors Biology Ch. 7 Vocab

Question	Answer
aerobic respiration	A catabolic pathway for organic molecules, using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in an electron transport chain and ultimately producing ATP.
alcohol fermentation	Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD-plus and releasing carbon dioxide.
ATP synthase	A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion (proton) concentration gradient to make ATP.
cellular respiration	The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP.
citric acid cycle	A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide; in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; together with pyruvate oxidation
electron transport chain	A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
facultative anaerobe	An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present.
fermentation	A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose (or other organic molecules) without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
glycolysis	A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate.
lactic acid fermentation	Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide.
NAD plus	The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that can accept electrons, becoming NADH
obligate anaerobe	An organism that only carries out fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Such organisms cannot use oxygen and in fact may be poisoned by it.
oxidation	The complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
phosphorylation	A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a sugar or a protein.
pyruvic acid	an organic acid that probably occurs in all living cells, it ionizes to give a hydrogen ion and an anion,
reduction	The complete or partial addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.
redox reaction	A chemical reaction involving the complete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; short for reduction-oxidation reaction

Created by: nevaehfaith

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