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Unit 7 astronomy
mr. arnhold
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define wavelength | distance between adjacent peaks |
| define frequency | the number of times any portion of a wave moves up and down each second. Higher frequency carries more energy. |
| what is electromagnetic spectrum | an arrangement of the various types of electromagnetic radiation showing relationships between wavelength, frequency and energy. |
| which type of light has the shortest wavelength? | Gamma rays |
| which type of light has the longest wavelength? | radiowaves |
| how does frequency change as wavelength increase | Longer wavelengths means lower frequency |
| How does the amount of energy contained within a light wave change as wavelength decreases? | gets higher energy |
| How does the amount of energy contained within a light wave change as frequency decreases? | lower energy |
| Describe a continuous spectrum. | An unbroken band of colors, it shows that light source is emitting light in all visible wavelengths |
| Describe an emission spectrum. | a series of unevenly spaced spectral line of different colors generated by thin (low density) colors of the line shows that the light source is only emitting light of certain wavelengths |
| Describe an absorption spectrum. | a continuous spectrum crossed by dark lines |
| What causes the dark lines found on an absorption spectrum? | dark lines are created when a light from a light from a glowing object passes thought a cooler gas which absorbs some of the wavelength |
| What is the Doppler Effect? | apparent change in wavelength of radiation (light sound) caused by the motion of the source |
| Describe the difference between redshift and blueshift. | blue shift is shorter wavelength, longer wavelength are redshift |
| What is a constellation? | a group of stars that appears to form a pattern in the sky |
| How many constellations are located in the night sky? | 88 |
| Why are certain constellations only visible during certain seasons? | earth changes positions as it orbits the sun |
| What is unique about the constellations of the zodiac? | 13 constellations that lie on the ecliptic, whatever constellation the sun was passing through on the day you were born is your zodiac sign |
| Define apparent magnitude. | a measure of how bright a star appears to be to an observer on earth |
| Regarding magnitude scales, what #’s represent the brightest stars? What #’s represent the dimmest stars? | Brightest is 1, dimmest is 6 |
| Define astronomical unit. | the distance from earth to the sun |
| What is a light year? | the distance light travels in one year time |
| What do light years measure? For example, do they measure energy, speed, force, calories… | distance |
| Rank in order from shortest to longest: light year, astronomical unit, parsec. | light year, astronomical unit, parsec |
| What element(s) are most stars made of? | hydrogen and helium |
| By looking at the spectrum of a star, what can astronomer know about that star? | its individual elements can be known precisely |
| What is spectral class? | is a letter designation to easily let astronomers know the temperature of the star they are observing: Oh Be A Fine Girl Kiss Me, OBAFGKM |
| What color stars are the hottest? | bluish white, white yellow |
| What color stars are the coolest? | red |
| Define luminosity. | actual brightness of a star |
| Define absolute magnitude. | a scale to express true brightness, measure how bright a star would be if it were exactly 10 parsecs from Earth |
| What two properties of stars are plotted on an H-R Diagram? | brightness and temperature |
| What is unique about the stars found on the Main Sequence on the H-R Diagram? | actively fuse hydrogen into helium |
| What size must a star be if it is both very cool yet extremely bright? | 10 to 100 times the size of the sun |
| What is a white dwarf star? | it is a star that no longer has any feul left for fusion |
| What type of star will the Sun become as it begins to die? | red giants |
| What is a supernova? What types of stars experience this type of event? | iron core quickly and suddenly collapses and produces the universes largest explosion, massive stars |
| What is a neutron star? | core left behind by a supernova, the electrons negative change cancel out the protons positively charged, leaving neutrons |
| Black holes are called “holes” because they form a “bottomless pit” in their immediate area of space, why are they called “black”? | light cannot escape from here as gravity is so strong that escape velocity is greater than speed of light |
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