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Taylor Ch 27
Asepsis & infection control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aerobic | bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow |
| Anaerobic | bacteria that can live without oxygen |
| Antibody | immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen |
| Antigen | foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response |
| Antimicrobial | antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth |
| Asespsis | absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection |
| Bacteria | the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents |
| Disinfection | process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores |
| Endogenous | infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors |
| Exogenous | infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host |
| Fungi | plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection |
| Healthcare-associated infection | an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial) |
| Host | animal or person on or within which microorganisms live |
| Iatrogenic | infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure |
| Infection | disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body |
| Isolation | protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques |
| Medical asepsis | practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique |
| Nosocomial | something originating or taking place in the hospital (ie, infection) |
| Pathogens | disease-producing microorganism |
| Reservoir | something originating or taking place in the hospital (ie, infection) |
| Standard precautions | CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions |
| Sterilization | (1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile |
| Surgical asepsis | practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique |
| Transmission-based precautions | CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions |
| Vector | nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another |
| Virulence | ability to produce disease |
| Virus | smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope |
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