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Chemical Services
Chemical Services Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why should you consider using a scalp massage in hair service preparation? | A scalp massage can remove excess sebum, dirt, environmental debris, and product |
| During what part of the three-part client services process do cosmetologists clean and disinfect implements? | pre service |
| Why should a cosmetologist ask if a client has been using natural, non-professional treatments such as shea butter? | to determine whether a clarifying treatment is needed |
| When is it most effective for a cosmetologist to seek information on a clients hair and scalp needs? | Before services begin, have a dedicated consultation |
| How often should a cosmetologist hold a consultation with a client? | before every service |
| Which type of draping has a smaller neck strip to allow the hair to fall naturally? | styling draping |
| What are the steps in the professional draping procedure? | Ask client to remove jewelry and gasses, use a protective neck strip, fasten the cape around the neck. |
| True or False: A cape for a shampoo can touch the clients skin? | False, always use a neck strip or towel as a barrier when draping a client for a service. |
| Where should the neck strip or towel go when draping a client for a shampoo or chemical service? | Neck strip or towel should go around the neck under the shampoo cape. Before applying any permanent wave solution to your client, a towel should also be wrapped around the neck on top of the cape |
| How often should draping capes be laundered? | After each use |
| When should a cosmetologist refrain from brushing a clients scalp? | Before a chemical service such as permanent color, permanent wave or chemical relaxer |
| During a shampoo service, a cosmetologist observes that a client with a tight curl pattern needs the wet hair detangled. What should the cosmetologist use? | A wide tooth comb |
| Which massage technique uses stroking and circular hand movements? | effleurage |
| Benefits of scalp massage include the following: | increased scalp microcirculation, calming and relaxing to the client, minimizes flaking |
| At which stage of service should a cosmetologist perform a scalp massage to help restore hair to a more balanced state? | During the conditioning stage |
| Why might a cosmetologist choose to give a client a scalp massage using the petrissage technique? | to loosen dead skin cells from the scalp |
| How are the effleurage and the petrissage techniques for scalp massage different? | Effleurage uses movements along the scalp, whereas petrissage uses pushing and kneading of the scalp |
| A cosmetologist is performing a scalp massage service on a client with a dry scalp. How should the cosmetologist design the massage to loosen any flakes? | use of petrissage is best to loosen the flakes |
| How often should clients with normal scalp health have a scalp treatment performed? | with every season change |
| Which massage technique is most effective in an oily hair and scalp treatment? | a kneading technique |
| Prebrushing is recommended for which scalp treatments? | normal scalp treatments, dry scalp treatments and oily scalp treatments |
| A cosmetologist should NOT include scalp exfoliation when a client is having a : | chemical service |
| During a hair and scalp analysis of your client you notice that their hair is oily. What type of shampoo do you use? | a balancing shampoo |
| When should a clarifying shampoo be used? | when there is product buildup |
| Which shampoo type would benefit a client with dry, brittle hair that needs softening? | an oil shampoo (Moisturizing) |
| What type of conditioners are suitable for daily use? | rinse-out conditioners |
| How do conditioners benefit the hair? | Conditioners infuse moisture and protect against breakage |
| A client has a recent problem with dry hair. Upon asking the client if they have used anything new on their hair, the client has just used an oil treatment for dry scalp. What conclusion can the cosmetologist make about a possible cause for the dry hair? | The client used too much oil for the dry scalp treatment and the excess buildup is causing the dry hair |
| Why would a cosmetologist use an astringent lotion for a scalp treatment? | to remove accumulated oil from the scalp |
| If a client comes in with open wounds, reddened scalp, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, they must decline the service(s) and refer them to a _______________. | physician |
| A __________________draping is also known as a wet draping? | Shampoo |
| When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the ___________________________. | clients skin |
| What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp? | Cleanliness and stimulation |
| Hair should be shampooed ________________________/ | As often as necessary |
| Products are classified as either alkaline or acidic by measuring the amount of _________________ in the solution? | hydrogen |
| What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit proteins or moisturizer to help restore the hairs strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect against possible breakage? | conditioners |
| What substances absorb moisture and promote the retention of moisture in the hair? | humectant |
| How do chemical relaxers work? | They increase the hairs pH to an alkaline state, which raises the cuticle layer and allows the relaxer to reach the cortex, where the restructuring takes place. |
| A higher frequency of curl reversion occurs in relaxers that use which ingredient? | ammonium sulfite |
| What is a no-lye relaxer good for? | no lye relaxers have a lower pH, and are suitable for clients who have scalp sensitivities |
| Hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair by removing one of the bonded sulfur atoms in a disulfide bond. What is the name of this process? | lanthionization |
| How does thio neutralization differ from hydroxide neutralization? | the neutralization of thio relaxers involves oxidation |
| If a client wants to reduce drying time, and frizz, but not loose their curl, which chemical service would you recommend? | a keratin treatment |
| When using relaxer products, why should a cosmetologist refrain from using metal clips? | The metal could cause a chemical reaction |
| When completing a strand test for a texture service, how do you know that the service can be performed? | the strand analysis indicates the hair has low porosity and high elasticity |
| What temperature of water should you rinse a neutralizer? | warm water |
| A client who is considering a chemical relaxer service frequently consumes highly caffeinated beverages. Why does this matter? | caffeine increases blood circulation, which can lead to faster irritation caused by the use of chemical relaxers |
| Prior to conducting a consultation for chemical relaxer services, which document should clients fill out and cosmetologists review so that they can discuss any items of note? | client intake form |
| How does a relaxer retouch differ from the application of a virgin relaxer? | A relaxer retouch is only applied to the new hair growth |
| When using a virgin relaxer, apply the relaxer to the __________________. | midshaft first and then the ends and scalp |
| A hair analysis indicates the client has non-porous hair. Which type should the cosmetologist recommend? | alkaline/ cold wave |
| What is the active ingredient in acid waves? | glycerol monothioglycolate |
| Which type of perm processes without a heat source? | alkaline wave |
| How do alkaline perms differ from acid perms? | alkaline perms have a higher pH |
| When does the majority of the processing for permanent waving occur? | within 5-10 minutes |
| Your clients hair is permed and is curly at the scalp and straight on the ends. What is this an indication of? | over processed hair |
| To perm coarse hair, the solution must have enough _______________ions to break the required number of disulfide bonds. | hydrogen |
| When a perm is processed correctly, it breaks and rebuilds how much of the hairs disulfide bonds? | 50% |
| When using perm rods, which placement minimizes the amount of stress and level of tension on the hair? | perpendicular to the base |
| All of the following perm rods have a uniform diameter EXCEPT: loop rods? circle rods? soft bender rods? straight rods? concave rod? | concave rod |
| Which of the following tools help to prevent fishhooks? | end papers |
| When dividing the hair into base sections for perm wraps, how many rods are used in each section and what factors determine the size of each section? | one rod; length and width of the rod determines the size of the section |
| Which service uses a thio-based chemical process and is recommended for loosening hair texture that is extremely curly into a larger curl pattern? | soft curl permanent |
| When wrapping a perm, which pattern provides the greatest flexibility for directional flow? | bricklay |
| A client has thick hair that extends below her shoulders. She wants to have uniform curls and volume. Which technique should you consider using? | A spiral wrap with half- off base placement |
| What is the proper placement of bands on perm rods? | on the top, closest to the scalp |
| What should the cosmetologist instruct clients to do if perm solution drips into the eyes? | flush the eyes thoroughly with cool water |
| To what areas should protective cream be applied when performing a perm? | around the hairline, nape and ears |
| Cosmetologists should recommend that clients wear a _______________________ when sleeping after a soft curl perm? | processing or silk cap for sleeping |
| What is the proper technique for unwinding test curls to check for proper development? | unwind the curl 2 or 3 turns and give a push looking for an S formation |
| The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is______________________. | ammonium thioglycolate |
| What is the main- active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions? | glyceryl monothioglycolate |
| Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hooded blow dryer are______________________________? | endothermic |
| Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered ________________________________. | overprocessed |
| The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called__________________________. | thio neutralization |
| what do the most common neutralizers contain? | hydrogen peroxide |
| ____________________combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing. | Japanese thermal straightening |
| Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers should not be treated with___________________________. | Thio relaxers |
| Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called_______________________. | lye relaxers |
| Which hydroxide relaxer does not require the application of a protective base? | no-base relaxer |
| What are some reasons that clients request professional color services? | to cover grey, to express themselves creatively, to maintain image standards for their jobs |
| Which hair type takes the longest to process? | course-textured with low porosity |
| What is hair density? | the amount of hair per square inch |
| Why is hair density important to your haircolor formulation and application? | More hair requires more product, less hair requires less product for maximum saturation and proper coverage |
| What do cosmetologists use to identify the degree of darkness or lightness of natural and artificial hair color? | level system |
| A client wants their hair to look like they have been to the beach. To give the client haircolor that looks lighter and brighter, the stylist should use colors that have ______________tones because they________________________. | warm reflect more light |
| Using the color wheel, how do I create a tertiary color? | mix equal parts of the primary color and neighboring secondary color ex: blue and violet |
| What type of haircolor could you use on a client who is unsure about color and does not want to make a bold change? | demipermananet |
| Which type of haircolor can lighten and deposit hair simultaneously. | permanent |
| What does ammonia in haircoloring do? | it is an alkaline agent that raises the pH of hair color and can change the hairs texture |
| The standard volume of peroxide is ________%, which provides __________levels of lift. | 20 two |
| What is the purpose of toners? | to remove unwanted undertones caused by pre-lightening |
| In a single treatment what is the maximum number of levels healthy hair can be lightened before risking damage? | 4 |
| Which type of haircolor works well to tone accent pieces? | semi permanent |
| What is the term for a chemical compound that uses oxidation to disperse and decolorize the hairs natural pigment? | lightener |
| What is one fundamental question stylists must ask and answer when formulating haircolor? | What is the level and tone of the clients previous haircolor? |
| If you strand test a clients hair and it is too light, what should you change for next time? | decrease the lightener strength and processing time |
| A clients lightening service took the maximum amount of processing time recommended by the product's manufacturer. What could the reason behind this be? | the client had dark, coarse, long, straight hair |
| What is the first step prior to performing a color service on a client? | hair and scalp analysis |
| To lighten a clients hair 4 or more levels it must be________________ | lightened and then toned |
| Cap highlighting is not recommended for clients with what type of hair? | curly or coiled hair |
| What technique results in strands of hair that are colored darker than the natural color? | lowlighting |
| For a color melt, apply haircolor in ____________ or _______________ subsections. | horizontal or zig zag |
| A client has hair that is 40% grey. If the stylist uses permanent color and the desired level is 8, what is the standard formulation? | 2 parts level 10 and 1 part level 8 |
| When coloring salt-and-pepper hair to a darker level, stylists should_______________________________. | formulate 1-2 levels higher than the natural level |
| What should you do to a clients hair if they have a green cast? | 1st remove mineral buildup |
| To freshen up dull faded hair between touch-up services, apply a demipermanent color that is in the same tonal family and __________________ than the original color formulation. | 1- 2 levels lighter |
| When adding natural highlights to brunette hair, what is the maximum number of levels the highlighted pieces should be lightened to balance the hair? | 2 |
| If your strand test determines damaged hair, how do you proceed with the service? | you do not proceed with the service. Hair that is damaged can not be treated with haircolor. |
| Clients using an alkaline shampoo will _____________ their color. | strip |
| A patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or _______________. | inside the elbow |
| You should never apply haircolor to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of _______________________. | abrasions |
| What coloring process lifts and deposits color in one application? | single-process haircoloring |
| Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have _______________________. | a patch test |
| What is the most critical part of a color service? | Haircolor consultation |
| The process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as _______________________. | double-process application |
| Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain___________________________. | metallic salts |
| Demipermanent colors are also known as________________________. | no-lift, deposit only colors |
| Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are _________________________. | temporary colors |
| As part of their composition, all permanent haircolor products and lighteners contain both a developer and _____________________. | an alkalizing agent |
| Why should beauty professionals study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry? | Because every product used in beauty and wellness contains some type of chemical |
| True or False: Creams, lotions, masks and make up all contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory. | true |
| Any substance that occupies space and has weight is _______________. | matter |
| Everything you can touch and everything you can see is matter EXCEPT: | light and electricity |
| Which is the simplest form of chemical matter? | an element |
| How many elements are known to science today? | 118 |
| Of all the elements known to science today, how many occur naturally on earth? | 98 |
| _______________________ are the basic units of matter. | Atoms |
| When immiscible liquids are combined they form_______________. | a suspension |
| What is a solute? | a substance that is dissolves a solvent and makes a solution |
| What is a solvent? | a substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution |
| The overexposure principle is used to describe how overexposure determines: | toxicity |
| pH stands for | potential hydrogen |
| Why is understanding pH important for the beauty and wellness professional? | because it affects hair, skin and nails |
| All acids owe their chemical reactivity to _____________________. | the hydrogen ion |
| What does an oxidizing agent do? | releases oxygen |
| What does a reducing agent do? | adds hydrogen to a chemical compound |
| What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion? | the production of heat and light |
| Why should ammonia never be mixed with bleach? | it creates a potentially deadly gas |
| Guidelines for properly storing chemicals include: | always lock up chemicals when not in use, never haphazardly combine 2 chemicals, always cover your chemicals and never let them sit out. |
| What is an SDS | Safety Data Sheet formerly called the MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet |
| Marcus and Amanda are arguing over whether air is a pure substance. Marcus insists that it is and Amanda insists that is not. Which one is correct and why? | Amanda is correct. Air is made up of many substances and therefore can not be pure |
| Chole is making a scented mist to use on her clients following their services. The drops of lavender extract is mixing into water is called a ______________________. | solute |
| Javier is attempting to create a soothing oil to use on his clients during services. The problem he is having is that the product completely seperates when it sits for more than 5 minutes. What is happening to Javier's mixture? | the mixture is immiscible |
| Gina is considered a bit of a "know it all" at work and is always telling Grace "My goodness Grace, youd better be using the first surfactant regularly"... What is she trying to say in her own way? | "wash your hands" |
| Harriet's client Rafael has requested that Harriet use a solution that is neutral to his skin. What is the pH of skin> | 4.5-5.5 |
Created by:
Mrs. Worsham
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