Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
bio darnasia
bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| independent variable | variable being investigated, changed to do the experiment (x-axis) |
| dependent | variable being measured (y-axis) |
| rate | change X / change in Y |
| water | polar molecule, w/ partial charge |
| hydrogen bonding | weak bond that forms when a partially positive hydrogen in one molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom in another molecule |
| surface tension | forms from hydrogen bonding between water molecules at the surface of water; allows certain insets to walk on water" |
| adhesion | forms from hydrogen bonding between water molecules and other surfaces; allows water to stick to the walls of the xylem of a plant as it moves up through the roots to leaves |
| cohesion | forms from hydrogen bonding between water molecules; results in surface tension; allows water to stick together |
| high heat of vaporization | b/c of hydrogen bonding, water absorbs a lot of heat before it evaporates; allows animals to be cooled by sweat or panting |
| high specific heat | b/c of hydrogen bonding, water absorbs a lot of heat before it changes temp; allows areas near bodies of water to be cooler than areas inland. |
| universal solvent | b/c it is polar, water is able to dissolve other polar substances |
| dehydration synthesis | removes water from monomers to allow them to form covalent bonds w/ each other |
| hydrolysis | adds water to polymers to break the covalent bonds and break down into monomers |
| acids | has a pH below 7(increasing H+ decreases the pH) |
| bases | has a pH above 7 (decreasing H+ increases the pH) |
| carbohydrates | made from carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen (every carbon has an oxygen-making them polar) |
| lipids | made from carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen (there are few carbons in lipids- making them nonpolar) |
| proteins | made from carbon, oxygen, hydrogen & nitrogen, sometimes sulfur( can be enzymes, used for transport, used in immune system, & for muscle movement |
| amino acids | monomers of proteins |
| parts of an amino acid | amino group, carboxyl group, H, & R group (variable) |
| primary structure | determined by genes in DNA; order of the amino acid( held together by covalent peptide bonds) in the polypeptide chain |
| secondary structure | folding of the primary polypeptide chain into alpha helices or beta pleated sheets, held together by hydrogen bonds |
| tertiary structure | further folding of the secondary structure, determined by the R groups |
| Quaternary structure | forms when 2 or more tertiary polypeptides join together to make a single protein |
| nucleic acids | made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorus |
| covalent bonds | hold together individual nucleotides & join the phosphate of 1 nucleotide to the next on the same strand |
| hydrogen bonds | weaker than covalent; join together base pairs on 2 different strands |
| DNA nucleotide | deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base (A<T<C<G) |
| rna nucleotide | ribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base(A,U,C,G) |
| DNA | instructions for building proteins |
| mRNA | translated at the ribosomes to make proteins |
| competitive inhibitors | bind to active site & block substrate from attaching |
| non-competitive inhibitors | bind to an allosteric site & change the shape of active site |
| inputs of respiration | glucose & oxygen |
| outputs respiration | carbon dioxide, water, & ATP |
| glucose (respiration) | used in glycolysis 2 form pyruvate, NADH, & small amount of ATP |
| pyruvate (respiration) | converted in2 actyl-CoA (used in krebs cycle) |
| oxygen (respiration) | used in oxidative phosphorylation; final electron acceptor |
| CO2 (respiration) | produced in krebs w/ NADH, FADH2, & small amount of atp |
| water (respiration) | produced in oxi phospho; forms when oxygen receives electrons and protons from etc |
| atp (respiration) | produced in oxi phospho |
| etc & atp synthase (respiration) | movement of electrons through etc in the inner membrane builds proton (h+) gradient in intermembrane space |
| fermentation | breakdown of glucose w/o etc; allows aerobic cells 2 make small amounts ATP when etc can not happen |
| alcoholic fermentation | makes atp, co2, and alcohol (bacteria & yeast) |
| lactic acid fermentation | makes atp & lactic acid (bacteria & humans) |
| inputs of photosynthesis | water & carbon dioxide |
| outputs photosynthesis | oxygen & glucose |
| water (photosynthesis) | used in light dependent reactions; provides electrons needed for etc 2 make NADPH & atp 4 calvin cycle |
| carbon dioxide (photosynthesis) | used/ fixed by rubisco in calvin cycle; provides carbon & oxygen needed 2 make G3P (combined to make glucose & other molecules) |
| oxygen (photosynthesis) | form in light dependent reactions; produced when electrons are removed from water |
| glucose (photosynthesis) | formed in calvin cycle; produced when 2 molecules of G3P join |
| etc & atp synthase (photosynthesis) | movement of electrons through etc in thylakoid membrane builds proton gradient outside of thylakoid; protons can only re-enter thylakoid by going through atp synthase, building atp |
Created by:
user-1584836
Popular Biology sets