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Biology Semester 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Based on observations you suggest a | Hypothesis |
| What allows cells to perform different functions | Cell specialization |
| The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits | homeostasis |
| What is the smallest objects that biologists study | molecules |
| Science relies on __________ explanations | Testing |
| What subject is best described as a "way of knowing" | Science |
| The work of scientists usually begins with careful | Observations |
| What is the information gathered during an experiment called | Data |
| What characteristic of living things is happening when birds fly south for the winter | Responding to their environment |
| What are the characteristic of living things? | they respire, move, respond to stimuli, reproduce and grow, and are dependent on their environment |
| What is formed when you join two or more elements in definite amounts? | Compound |
| What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons? | Positive |
| A water molecule is slightly ______ because the electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom. | Negative |
| A _______ is a mixture in which the substances are evenly spread out. | Solution |
| When salt is dissolved in water, water is the | Solvent |
| A substance with a pH of 6 is called | An acid |
| _______is special because it can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures. | Carbon |
| Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the _______ of the reaction. | Speed |
| Branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment | Ecology |
| Bacteria from roots of legumes (plants) put what nutrient into the soil | Nitrogen |
| Would more nitrogen in the soil increase or decrease productivity of a new crop | Increase |
| Model of complex feeding interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers | Food Web |
| What would you call a bird that stalks, kills, and eats an insect | Carnivore, consumer, heterotroph |
| 10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level, what happens to the rest? | Eliminated as heat Used in the life cycle |
| Is no rain fall a biotic or abiotic factor | Abiotic |
| What is the first thing that would happen if you add that limiting nutrient to a pond | Algal Bloom |
| What type of factor is the # and kind of predators in the ecosystem | Biotic |
| Would the # and kind of predators in the ecosystem affect the size of a population | Yes |
| What would a lion do if there was a period of no rainfall where he lived | Temporarily Leave |
| An area’s day to day conditions | Weather |
| The area’s average conditions | Climate |
| A natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range | Greenhouse effect |
| When a wolf hunts, kills, and eats a moose… it is called a | Predator |
| When one organism is harmed and the other benefits | Parasitism |
| When one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed | Commensalism |
| Succession that begins on soil | Secondary |
| Succession that begins on newly exposed surfaces | Primary |
| During succession, what modifies the environment a little at a time | Living Organisms |
| _________ is a global factor that produces a wide range of environmental conditions that shape communities | Climate |
| Which biome has long, cold winters and short summers (home to conifers) | Boreal Forest |
| What type of ecosystem would you find oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements dissolved in water | Aquatic |
| The average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area | Climate |
| What type of succession would follow lava flow | Primary |
| What factor could interrupt the progress of succession | Another natural disturbance |
| What happens to the population if: death rate higher than birth rate | Decrease |
| An introduced species has no predators.. What type of growth will it most likely show | Exponential |
| As resources become less available (no long unlimited) the population will reach _______ ________ | Carrying Capacity |
| Is temperature density-dependent or density-independent? | Independent |
| What happens to the population if: birth rate higher than death rate | Increase |
| The study of human populations | Demography |
| Approx. 250 yrs ago, human population experienced exponential growth thanks to | Industrial Revelation |
| Is an earthquake density-dependent or density-independent? | Independent |
| What happens to the population if: emigration is higher than immigration | Decrease |
| Poor farming habits/overgrazing, drought, etc. can cause what? | Desertification |
| What is 1 benefit of monoculture farming | Monoculture |
| Trees are an example of what type of resource | Ability to grow a lot of food |
| Farmland changed into land that cannot support plant life | Renewable |
| Farmland changed into land that cannot support plant life | Desertification |
| As ddt moves up the trophic levels in food chains or food webs, what happens to its concentration | Increases |
| Type of species that can threaten biodiversity because they crowd out native species | Exotic Species |
| An area where many habitats and species are at high risk of extinction | Ecological hot spot |
| Would introducing an exotic species to an area be good or bad for biodiversity conservation | Bad |
| One measure of human impact on the biosphere is called ??? | Ecological footprint |
| Type of resource; once used up they cannot be replaced | Nonrenewable |
| Type of organism encloses their DNA in a nucleus | Eukaryotes |
| Bacteria is an example of what type of organism | Prokaryotes |
| The nucleus is surrounded by what gel like fluid | Cytoplasm |
| Cells use Microtubules and microfilaments for | Function and Structure |
| Organelle that converts chemical energy stores in food into compounds for the cell to use | Mitochondria |
| Organelle found in plants, not animals (involves energy) | Chloroplast |
| Regulates the movement of materials into and out of the (all) cell(s) | Cell Membrane |
| Molecules constantly move and collide with each other; leading to particles moving across the membrane; no energy needed; no channels needed | Passive transport/diffusion |
| Which type of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell | Active transport |
| Term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism | Homeostasis |
| Type of organism whose cell lacks a nucleus | Prokaryote |
| Coded instructions for making cell’s proteins | DNA |
| Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful | Lysosome |
| What are the 3 parts of an atp molecule | Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups |
| What molecule has ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups | ATP |
| ATP: when a bond is broken, energy | Releases |
| When a phosphate group is removed from atp, ____________ is released | Energy |
| What provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells | ATP |
| Which phosphate group breaks off when energy is released from atp | The last One |
| Organisms that make their own food care called? | Autotroph |
| Organisms that cannot make their own food (must obtain energy form external sources) | Heterotroph |
| Plant: Autotroph or heterotroph??? | Autotroph |
| human: Autotroph or heterotroph??? | Heterotroph |
| ? Process is when autotrophs produce carbohydrates | Photosynthesis |
| Light absorbing molecule | Pigment |
| Plants get the energy needed for photosynthesis by absorbing | Sunlight |
| What is the role of nadp+ | Electron Carrier |
| What causes the electrons in the chlorophyll molecule to become energized | Sunlight Strikes it |
| What gas does a plant give off when it is sitting in sunlight | oxygen |
| Photosynthesis reactants ????? __________ + _________ using light | Water and Carbon Dioxide |
| Photosynthesis products ????? __________ + _________ | Oxygen and high-energy sugars |
| In photosynthesis: only 1 molecule of high-energy sugar is made how many molecules of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water | 6 molecules of each |
| What does a plant need in order to produce oxygen | Food |
| What do organisms break down to get energy | Food(Glucose) |
| What is the first stage of cellular respiration | Glycolysis |
| What is the 2nd stage of cellular respiration (when oxygen is present) | Krebs Cycle |
| What is the 3rd stage of cellular respiration (when oxygen is present) | Electron Transport Chain |
| What is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration | Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain |
| What process releases energy by breaking down food molecules | Cellular Respiration |
| What is the chemical formula equation for cellular respiration | 602 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY |
| What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration | 6 oxygen + glucose -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water+ ENERGY |
| Cellular respiration needs oxygen, so it is | Aerobic |
| Cellular respiration needs _______, so it is considered an aerobic process | Oxygen |
| What are the 2 main types of fermentation? | Lactic Acid & Alcoholic |
| Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of repaying an ______ debt | Oxygen |
| Can our human cells use ATP for energy | Yes |
| Can our human cells use lactic acid fermentation to get energy | Yes |
| What are the products of cellular respiration | Water Carbon dioxide Energy (ATP) |
| What are the reactants of cellular respiration | Glucose Oxygen |
| When a cell grows, what increases faster: volume or surface area | Volume |
| When a cell grows too large… the cell membrane becomes less efficient on getting rid of _______ | Waste |
| When a cell grows too large… the cell membrane becomes less efficient obtaining _______ | Nutrients like xygen |
| The genetic material of a daughter cell is what compared to the 1 parent | Exact Same |
| What is a benefit of sexual reproduction | Genetically diverse offspring |
| Why would cells in a petri dish stop growing once they cover the bottom | They came in contact with other cells |
| Center of a chromosome is called | Centromere |
| Each side of the chromosome is called _________ ____________ | Sister Chromatids |
| During which parts of the cell cycle do you see the DNA in the form of chromosomes | Prohase, Metaphase, Anaphase |
| In a plant cell, when the cell cycle is complete… there is a ______ _______ that forms in between the new cells | Cell Plate |
| Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their ______ ______ | Growth Rate |
| Cancer cells form masses of cells called? | Tumors |
| During early development, cell become specialized during what process? | Differentation |
| What type of cells have the potential to develop into other cell types | Stem cells |
| The process by which a cell divides into 2 daughter cells is called | Cell Division |
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