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Aquifer Hydraulics

how do aquifers respond to pumping under various situations

QuestionAnswer
what is the purpose of pumping tests? 1. Determine aquifer parameters T and S at larger scales 2. Evaluate the aquifer response to pumping - check for “non-ideal” conditions - confined vs. unconfined response 3. Estimate well efficiency 4. Estimate a suitable long-term pumping rate
what is static water level [SWL] (ho)? equilibrium water level before pumping commences
what is pumping water level [PWL] (h)? water level during pumping
what is drawdown(s = ho - h)? the difference between static and pumping water levels greatest at the pumping well
what is pumping rate (Q)? volume of water pumped per unit time
what is radial flow? flow towards the well from all directions
what is a cone of depression? drawdown centered around a well, due to radial symmetry
what is the radius of influence (R)? drawdown and hydraulic gradient decrease as one moves away from the pumping well the outer limit of cone of depression is R
what happens if we install observation wells at different radial distances from the pumping well? we can evaluate aquifer response to pumping should be close enough to the pumping well that the drawdowns are measureable
what is well head loss? is related to the efficiency of screen and the material adjacent to it
influence of time Assuming all other factors are constant, drawdown increases with the log time. Increasing time does not alter the shape of the drawdown cone
influence of discharge rate Increasing the pumping rate causes a linear increase in drawdown. That is, doubling the pumping rate will double the drawdown
influence of transmissivity Higher gradient is needed to get the same flow volume in the low T case
influence of stroativity Less drawdown is needed for the high S case because the aquifer releases more water from storage per unit unit decline in head
radius of influence distance from the pumping well where the drawdown is negligible (s ≈ 0)
what is the principle of superposition? used to evaluate the influence of varying pumping rates in a single well, determine the influence of regional hydraulic gradients, or estimate drawdown at a single location from multiple pumping wells
what is a capture zone? the region of water around a pumping well that will (eventually) be captured by the well
recovery water levels will rise and gradually return to their static levels
residual drawdown amount of drawdown during recovery
Created by: 700827381589447
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