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Hydrogeologic Units

learn about diff. types of hydrogeologic units

QuestionAnswer
Aquifer geologic unit with significant capacity to store and transmit water • water can be pumped economically from a well • medium to high K
Aquitard geologic unit with sufficient capacity to store water, but transmits water slowly • will not supply enough water to a well • low K
Aquiclude geologic unit that is essentially impermeable
Water table the surface where the pore water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure (Pw = 0 gauge pressure) • essentially the potentiometric surface for an unconfined aquifer
Potentiometric surface an imaginary surface that coincides w/ the level of water everywhere in the aquifer • defined by the water level (or hydraulic head) in a series of wells installed in the aquifer does not coincide w/ water table
Unconfined aquifer the uppermost aquifer in which the water table defines the upper boundary
Perched aquifer special type of unconfined aquifer that forms above the regional water table due to the presence of a low conductivity layer
Confined aquifer positioned between two aquitards and the elevation of the potentiometric surface must be above the elevation of the top of the aquifer
How are aquifers formed? by geologic processes and consist of lithologic units that have sufficient permeability to transmit water • unconsolidated sands and gravels • glacial, fluvial, alluvial, beach, aeolian • fractured or karst rocks
Homogeneous a property (say K) is independent of location in the geologic formation • i.e., K(x,y,z) = constant
Heterogeneous K varies with location in the geologic formation • i.e., K(x,y,z) ≠ constant
Isotropic K is independent of the direction of measurement at a point in the geologic formation • i.e., Kx = Ky = Kz
Anisotropic K varies with the direction of measurement • i.e., Kx ≠ Ky ≠ Kz • K is generally larger in the horizontal direction than the vertical direction
What are the types of heterogeneity? layering discontinuities spatial trends
what are the causes of anisotropy? grain orientation layering fracture orientation
Created by: 700827381589447
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