Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polar | When electrons are not equally shared between two atoms because the two atoms have different electronegativities. |
| Nonpolar | When electrons are equally shared between two atoms because the atoms have equal electronegativities. |
| Hydrogen bonding | A hydrogen atom has 1 electron in its outer shell and wants to gain 1 electron to be stable or ‘’happy’’. Hydrogen atoms will usually form polar or nonpolar covalent bonds and share or gain electrons from another atom to make them both stable |
| Ionic | A bond when one atom gains an electron, while another loses an electron. An Ionic bond is formed when one unstable atom takes an electron from another unstable atom, making both atoms stable. One atom has a positive charge and one has a negative charge. |
| What makes water unique? | Water is unique because it is bipolar, the molecule has a slightly positive charge on the side where hydrogen atoms are attached and a slightly negative charge on the other side where just oxygen atoms are attached. |
| 3 parts of the cell theory | - All organisms are made of cells - All existing cells are produced by other living cells - The cell is the most basic unit of life |
| Prokaryote | Prokaryote cells are smaller, simpler, lack organelles and a nucleus, and have a cell wall. Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Examples are bacteria and archaea. |
| Eukaryote | Eukaryotic cells are bigger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. Any cell or organism that contains a nucleus. Examples are animals, plants, fungi, and protists. |
| Archaebacteria | Archaebacteria is the oldest bacteria and was the first bacteria to be on Earth. They usually thrive in extreme environmental conditions which are similar to the ancient environments of the earth. They are ‘’ancient bacteria’’. |
| Eubacteria | Eubacteria are ‘’true bacteria’’ and prokaryotic organisms. They include all bacteria except for archaebacteria. They form the Domain Bacteria. Mostly unicellular and single cellular DNA chromosomes. |
| Nucleus | Control and storage center of the cell, where the genetic material/DNA/instructions on how the cell is supposed to work are stored |
| Ribosome | Builds proteins, and sends them to the Golgi body |
| Mitochondria | Generates energy or ATP |
| Chloroplast | Only in plant cells, converts light energy into chemical energy |
| Cell Wall | Only in plant cells, protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell, not part of the cell |
| Lysosome | Only in animal cells, the digestive system of the cell, degrades material from outside the cell and digests components of the cell |
| Binary fusion | When an organism duplicates its DNA and divides into two parts (cytokinesis), each receiving one copy of DNA. |
| Conjugation | When one bacterium transfers genetic material (DNA) to another through direct contact (using a pilus) or a bridge-like connection. |
| 3 shapes bacteria can be? | Bacillus (rod-shaped), coccus (spherical-shaped), and spirillum (spiral-shaped). |
| Aerobic respiration | Means ‘’with air’’ and is when the body produces energy with the use of oxygen. Usually, an exercise that is longer than 2 minutes. |
| Anaerobic respiration | Means ‘’without air’’ and is when the body produces energy without oxygen. Usually high intensity exercise for short periods. |
| What is a virus? | A virus is genes (DNA/RNA) covered in a protein coat. |
| Lytic cycle | A specific virus attaches to a specific cell The genes of the virus invade the cell The cell makes copies of the virus using its genes The cell dies, releasing the newly made viruses into the body |
| Lysogenic cycle | A specific virus attaches to a specific cell, the genes of the virus invade the cell and become part of the cell’s genes, nothing happens, the cell goes through the cell cycle, the virus is triggered to go Lytic, the virus will stay Lytic or go lysogenic |
| Diffusion | The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration caused by the random movement of particles of the substance. Movements of particles. |
| Active Transport | The process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy. When a cell uses energy to transport something. Requires more energy and work. |
| Passive Transport | Movement of a solute from a region of higher electrochemical potential on one side of the cell membrane to a region of lower electrochemical potential on the opposite side. Doesn't require energy and work. Moves substances across cell membranes. |
| Osmosis | The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane. Movement of water. |
| Hypertonic | A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis. Water molecules will move from the side of higher water concentration to the side of lower concentration until both solutions are isotonic. |
| Hypotonic | A solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis. A net movement of water from the solution into the body. |
| Isotonic | A solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis. Water molecules diffuse in and out of the cell at the same rate through the process of osmosis. |
| Photosynthesis | Occurs in the thylakoids of the chloroplast. Humans do not have a chloroplast. Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll are needed for photosynthesis to occur. 6CO2 + 6H2O —sunlight comes in chloroplast— C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Aerobic respiration equation | Occurs in the cell's mitochondria. Takes place when there is oxygen. Glucose + 6 Oxygen —in the mitochondria— 6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + 32 or 34 ATP |
| Lactic acid fermentation | Occurs in the cytoplasm of muscle cells. Takes place during strenuous exercise or in temperatures over 64⁰ degrees Fahrenheit. Glucose + ADP + NADH → Lactic acids + ATP + NAD⁺ |
Created by:
hadleyrice
Popular Biology sets