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IOAN
Muscles of the shoulder
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior Deltoid | lateral third of the clavicle | deltoid tuberosity | shoulder abduction flexion medial rotation, and horizontal adduction | axillary nerve |
| Middle Deltoid | acromion process | deltoid tuberosity | shoulder abduction | axillary nerve |
| Posterior Deltoid | spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity | shoulder abduction, extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation horizontal abduction | axillary nerve |
| Supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | shoulder abduction | suprascapular nerve |
| Infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | shoulder lateral rotation and horizontal abduction | suprascapular nerve |
| Teres Minor | axillary border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | shoulder lateral rotation and horizontal abduction | axillary nerve |
| Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of the scapula | lesser tubercle | shoulder medial rotation | upper and lower subscapular nerve |
| Biceps Brachii (short head) | Coracoid process of scapula | Radial tuberosity of radius | elbow flexion (bending elbow) and forearm supination (rotating palm to face up ) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| Biceps Brachii (long head) | supraglenoid tubercle of scapula | Radial tuberosity of radius | elbow flexion (bending elbow) and forearm supination (rotating palm to face up ) | musculocutaneous nerve |
| Triceps (long head) | infraglenoid tubercle of scapula | olecranon process of ulna | elbow extension (Straightening arm) | radial nerve |
| Triceps (lateral head) | inferior to greater tubercle on posterior humerus. | olecranon process of ulna | elbow extension (straightening arm) | Radial Nerve |
| Pectoralis major | medial third of the clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage of first six ribs | lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus | clavicular portion: shoulder flexion(lifting arm) to first 60 degrees Sternal portion shoulder extension first 60 degrees(arm starts by our side and pushes back) | lateral and medial pectoral nerve. |
| Latissimus dorsi | spinous processes of T7 through L5 (via thoracolumbar fascia) Posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, Lower Three ribs | Medial floor of bicipital groove of the humerus | shoulder extension, medial rotation, hyper extension | thoracodorsal nerve |
| Triceps (medial Head | posterior surface of humorous | olecranon processes of ulna | elbow extension (straightening arm) | radial nerve |