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HCC Vascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skin(vein) | Cyanosis, pallor, rubor(brownish/red coloring, of lower extrem., slow healing lesions, ulcerations, necrotic tissue. |
| Temperature(vein) | Skin is normally warm to touch. Impaired peripheral venous circulation no change in temp. |
| Pain(vein) | Tenderness along involved vein or in calf muscles. |
| Sensation(vein) | In chronic venous insufficiency may exp. sensory deficits in involved extremity. |
| Vessels(vein) | With circulatory impairment, there may be visible areas of reddening or tracking along the course of the vein, palpable tenderness. |
| Edema(vein) | Usually ascending |
| Skin(artery) | Presence of thin, shiny, or scaly skin w/decreased hair growth. Thickened nails, ulcers on feet or toes-slow to heal-progress to gangrene or necrosis. |
| Temperature(artery) | Extremities are cool to touch. |
| Pain(artery) | Tenderness or pain. |
| Sensation(artery) | Unable to distinguish light, dull, sharp, and vibratory sensations w/eyes closed. |
| Vessels(artery) | Bruits while auscultating over the aorta, renal, iliac, or femoral arteries. |
| Edema(artery) | Pitting or non-pitting. |
| Pulses(artery) | Decreased or absent peripheral pulses. Bounding w/increased pulse pressure. |
| Peripheral Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis | Pain(athero), rest pain occurs w/inactivity, dependent rubor, leg hair loss, thickened toenails, ulcerations, and edema. Gangrene-amputation. |
| Arterial Thrombus or Embolism | Blood flow to tissue impaired, s&s associated with acute tissue ischemia. |
| Buerger's Disease (Thromboangitis obliterans) | small/mid periph. arteries inflamed and spastic causing clots to form. Cigarette smoking #1 cause, dramatic exacerbations, tissue hypoxia increase risk for ulcer/gangrene. |
| Raynaud's Disease | Episodes of intense vasospasm in small arteries fingers(sometimes toes), no identifiable cause, "blue-white-red disease"-skin color changes. |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT) | 80% of all DVT's originate in calf, pulmonary emb. first indication. |
| DVT S&S | Localized pain, redness, and warmth, palpable cordlike vein. |
| DVT Prophylaxis | Low-molecular weight anticoagulants(lovenox), elevating foot of bed w/knees slightly flexed, early mobilization, leg exercises, elastic stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression. |
| Anticoagulant Therapy | blah |
| Varicose Veins | Irregular, tortuous veins w/incompetent valves, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices, varicose veins of leg, increased risk with venous stasis during pregnancy(virchow's triad). |
| Varicose Veins Treatment | Improving circulation-compression stockings, regular daily walking. |
Created by:
mande747
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