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Ch 13 Biol 104

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

TermDefinition
Transformation Change in genotype or phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
Griffith’s Experiment An experiment with mice that show that living non-pathogenic bacteria could be transformed into pathogenic bacteria by a heritable substance from dead cells
Hershey & Chase Experiment Use radioactive labeled sulfur and phosphorus to show that the transforming substance was the part of the bacteriophage inside of the protein coat, not the coat itself
Chargaff Experiment Showed that A=T and C=G when analyzing the genetic material of any given species.
The DNA backbone alternating sugars and phosphates of linked nucleotides
Franklin’s Experiment X-Ray crystallography data showed genetic material to be helical, and provided the width of the helix
Antiparallel Two strands of DNA, though complimentary, run in opposite directions (one is 5’to 3’ and the other is 3’ to 5’)
Watson and Crick Experiment combined data from many other scientists to determine the double helix structure of DNA
Semiconservative replication When DNA replicates, each parent strand eventually ends up being bonded to a new strand
Meselson and Stahl Experiment Replicated e-coli, first in a heavy isotope of nitrogen (N-15), and then in a lighter isotope (N-14), to follow the mass of the resulting strands and prove replication is semi conservative
Replication fork A y-shaped region of parental DNA where the double helix is unwound so replication can begin
Helicase Enzyme responsible for untwisting and unwinding the double helix prior to replication
Single Stranded Binding Proteins After the parental strands separate, these structures bind to the unpaired DNA strands to keep them from reforming the helix
Topoisomerase An enzyme that functions ahead of the replication fork to relieve strain on the DNA molecule and prevent over twisting
Primer The very first section of new DNA is actually a small RNA segments called a _____
Primase The enzyme that adds the primer at the beginning of replication
DNA Polymerase III Enzyme that adds DNA nucleotides to the available 3 Prime carbon to elongate the new DNA strand.
Leading Strand The Continuous addition of nucleotides in the replication fork by DNA Polymerase III creates the_______.
Lagging Strand This piece of new DNA is made in segments, because it is synthesized away from the replication fork.
Okazaki Fragments The small segments of new DNA produced during the replication of the lagging strand.
DNA Ligase The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together to finish off the lagging strand
Nuclease an enzyme that cuts out damaged DNA segments so they can be repaired.
Telomeres protective caps consisting of repeating segments at the end of DNA strands.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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