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Energy
Energy: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an autotroph? What is an example? | An organism that makes its own food Ex: green plants, algae |
| What is a heterotroph? What is an example? | An organism that CAN'T make its own food and must eat (consume other organisms. Ex: humans, dogs, mushrooms |
| What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each. | Autotroph: make their own food (glucose!) Examples: green plants, algae, some bacteria Heterotrophs: cannot make their own food. They must consume (eat) other organisms Examples: Humans, dogs, mushrooms |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which autotrophs convert (change) the radiant energy of the sun into the chemical energy (food) found in organic compounds (C6H12O6) |
| Purpose of Photosynthesis | The main purpose of PHOTOSYNTHESIS is to make GLUCOSE/ FOOD! |
| Because photosynthesis is a metabolic process, what must be present for the photosynthesis reaction to take place? | ENZYMES! (and remember, enzymes are PROTEINS!) |
| chemical equation for photosynthesis | Chemical Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 General Equation: Carbon Dioxide + Water -->Glucose + Oxygen |
| Reactants for Photosynthesis (what is needed to make it happen?) | sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water |
| Products (what are the end products)? | Glucose & Oxygen |
| In what organelle does photosynthesis take place? Where does photosynthesis happen (occur)? | In the CHLOROPLASTS |
| What are Photoautotrophs and examples? | Organisms that make their own food (glucose) using LIGHT Ex: green plants, algae, some bacteria |
| What is the main photosynthetic pigment? | Chlorophyll |
| Why are accessory pigments like xanthophyll and carotene important to the process of photosynthesis? | The accessory pigments absorb a wider range of wavelengths of light--this allows the chloroplast to use a wider range of (more!) of wavelengths of incoming light. (And make more FOOD!) |
| What wavelengths of light does chlorophyll absorb best? | Red and Blue light is most effective for PHOTOSYNTHESIS GREEN is least effective because it is being reflected and not absorbed and used |
| What wavelengths of light does chlorophyll absorb least? | GREEN is least effective because it is being reflected (so, it is NOT being absorbed and used) |
| What are the TWO parts of the photosynthesis process? | The Light Reaction AND the Dark Reaction (Or Calvin Cycle OR Light Independent Reaction) |
| Where does the light reaction take place? | In the GRANA |
| Where does the dark reaction/Calvin Cycle take place? | In the STROMA |
| What organisms are responsible for the largest percentage of photosynthesis on our planet? | ALGAE |
| What is transpiration? | the process by which water evaporates from the leaves through the stomata (little holes/pores in the leaves) |
| Where does transpiration take place? (occur) | Happens in the leaves: (water leaves through leaves) |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: CUTICLE | --a waxy covering on the surface of the leaf -- helps WATERPROOF the leaf --Keeps leaf from drying out. --Protects from fungal attack. |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: ROOTS AND ROOT HAIRS | ROOTS: --anchor plant to the ground --absorb WATER AND nutrients, minerals from the ground ROOT HAIRS: --Special cells found at the tips of roots. --increase surface area for the absorption of materials mainly by DIFFUSION |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: LEAF STRUCTURE | --the food engine of green plants --adapted to maximize surface area to absorb the needed materials for making food (PHOTOSYNTHESIS) different shapes, sizes, etc |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: STOMATA AND GUARD CELLS | --Stomata: small openings on the UNDERSIDE of the leaf --Regulate gas exchange with the leaf & the atmosphere. --CO2 gets in (diffusion) & --H2O gets out (transpiration) --Guard Cells: regulate the rate of transpiration to help maintain homeostasis |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: LENTICELS | Structure: --Pores (little holes) found in the stem. --Adaptation for gas exchange (CO2 and O2) by diffusion |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: STEMS | -STEMS (The Stems attach the leaves and the flowers.) Contain the vascular tissue (similar to veins) |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: VASCULAR TISSUE – Xylem and Phloem | --Vascular tissue (similar to veins) -- used to transport (move) materials through the plant. --Xylem: Only transports materials upwards by capillary action. ONLY UP from roots to stems --Phloem: transport sugars upwards and downwards |
| Identify the following part of a plant & explain its role in plant survival: FLOWERS | Adaptation for reproduction Brightly colored and scented to attract pollinators |
| What is cellular/chemical respiration? | The conversion (change) of the chemical energy of food into ATP. |
| What are the two forms of chemical respiration? | Anaerobic AND Aerobic |
| How are AEROBIC RESPIRATION and ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION similar AND how are they different? | Similar: BOTH make ATP; both require ENZYMES! Different: AEROBIC: --NEEDS oxygen --makes 36 ATP per glucose -- takes place in the mitochondria ANAEROBIC --DOES NOT USE oxygen --makes 2 ATP per glucose --takes place in the cytoplasm. |
| What is the chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP |
| Can CO2 be a waste product of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration? | Yes--it is a a product of aerobic respiration AND alcohol fermentation |
| What are the two forms of anaerobic respiration? | --Alcohol Fermentation --Lactic Acid Fermentation |
| What are the 2 pyruvic acids made during glycolysis changed into during each type of fermentation? | Alcohol fermentation → 2 ethyl alcohol and 2CO2 Lactic acid fermentation → 2 lactic acid |
| In what organisms do lactic acid and alcohol fermentation take place? | --Lactic acid fermentation → muscle tissue of animals --Alcohol fermentation → yeast |
| What is glycolysis? | FIRST STEP IN ALL RESPIRATION --Splitting of glucose molecule --end product is pyruvic acid; 2 NADH and 2 NET ATP |
| Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? | CYTOPLASM |
| Where in the cell does fermentation take place? | CYTOPLASM |
| Where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place? | MITOCHONDRIA |
| Function of Mitochondria | The FUNCTION of the mitochondria is to produce ATP for the cell when O2 is PRESENT! ***Remember - DO NOT say that the function of the mitochondria is to be the “powerhouse of the cell.” *** |
| What is the NET (total) amount of ATP available for the cell after glycolysis? | 2 ATP |
| How many ATP are produced from the complete breakdown of a molecule of glucose for the cell to perform metabolic activities? | 36 ATP |
| How many ATP are produced during ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION? | 2 ATP |
| How many ATP are produced during AEROBIC RESPIRATION? | 36 ATP |
| Why does a person experience muscle fatigue (sore and tired muscles) after difficult activity or exercise? | The muscles are producing lactic acid. BECAUSE the O2 supply does NOT meet the high demand for O2---so, the muscles switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation. |
Created by:
Mrs. Curcio
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