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Nervous System
Anat and Phys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of the nervous system | controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli |
| Central Nervous System | brain and spinal cord: process information and determines appropriate responses |
| Peripheral Nervous System | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
| Interneuron | neuron in CNS that connects sensory and motor neurons |
| sensory neuron | sends information from sense receptors to the brain or spinal cord |
| motor neuron | sends information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands |
| Benefit of myelin sheath | insulates axon of neuron to make nerve impulses go faster |
| white matter | neurons with myelin sheath to send information faster |
| gray matter | neurons without myelin sheath, found in brain and spinal cord, to process information slower |
| Negative | charge of a neuron at rest |
| when a nerve impulse arrives | sodium rushes into the cell to make it positive |
| when a nerve impulse has already gone by | potassium rushes out to get neuron back to rest, negative |
| direction of a nerve impulse | away from the cell body |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals released to allow neurons to communicate to each other and muscles and glands |
| meninges | protective layers over brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrospinal fluid | bathes and protects brain and spinal cord by providing shock absorption and removes waste and brings nutrients |
| spinal cord | connection between brain and PNS, controls spinal reflexes |
| thalamus | receives sense information and brings it to the cerebrum |
| hypothalamus | recognizes feelings of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temperature |
| cerebellum | muscle coordination |
| corpus callosum | connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain |
| limbic system | primitive brain, emotional learning and emotional responses, pleasure center of the brain |
| brainstem | connects brain and spinal cord, controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and swallowing |
| cerebrum | voluntary control, site of intelligence, learning and judgement |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of grey matter of cerebrum, thought |
| newborn brain | underdeveloped: has all the cells in the cerebral cortex, but they are not connected yet. Will learn through experience and trial and error |
| pruning | unneeded connection in the brain are cut away to strengthen good/needed connections, part of learning |
| pre | frontal cortex |
| parts of normal aging | minor memory loss and loss of some neurons and connections between neurons |
| ways to keep brain healthy | education, rest, exercise, good diet, reduce stress |
| use it or lose it | connections in your brain you don't use are lost, so exercise the brain to keep those connections |
| Alzheimer's disease | a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning |
| plaque build | up, most likely genetic |
| reward pathway | what part(s) of the brain are affected by drugs of abuse, making them addictive |
| depressant | causes a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, and energy level |
| stimulant | causes an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and energy level |
| liver | organ destroyed by alcohol abuse |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | a disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child |
| physical dependence | A type of addiction in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug |
| psychological dependence | a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally |
| autonomic nervous system | involuntary, you have no control, example: pupil reflex |
| somatic nervous system | voluntary, you have control, example: reactions |
| advantage of reflexes | fast, pre |
| receptors | detect change in environment |
| cones | photoreceptors that detect colors |
| rods | photoreceptors that detect shades of grey |
| sclera | white of the eye |
| choroid | black in back of eye |
| tapetum | irridescent coating in back of organisms with night vision, causes light to bounce around eye |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of eye lid, pink eye |
| glaucoma | increased pressure in eye, lack of fluid drainage |
| cataracts | clouding of lens, caused by UV damage |
| near | sightedness |
| far | sightedness |
| chemicals | what are detected for our sense of smell and taste |
| hearing and balance | responsibility of inner ear |
| skin | largest sense organ |
Created by:
McSpammy
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