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Unit 5
APES Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thomas Malthus | an 18th century economist who predicted escalating population growth will lead to famine |
| Tragedy of the Commons | individuals will use resources that are shared in their our self interest, depleting resources, rather than for the common good |
| Subsidy | a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist enterprise deemed advantageous to the public |
| Full Cost Pricing | includes the harmful health and environmental costs of goods and services |
| Renewable Resources | take several days to years to replenish |
| Point Source Pollution | single, identifiable sources |
| Nonpoint Sources Pollution | disbursed, difficult to identify |
| Affluenza | contagious, socially transmitted idea of wanting more without considering the consequences because of financial privilege |
| Primary Forests | old, uncut and undisturbed for hundreds of years, biodiverse |
| Second-Growth Forests | grown through secondary succession |
| Tree Farms | no biodiverse, used to harvest raw materials |
| Lynden B. Johnson | signed the WIlderness Act of 1964 |
| The Green Revolution | a shift to new agricultural strategies to increase food production |
| Norman Borlaug | Father of the Green Revolution |
| Mogadishu Line | the point at which foreign involvement in a conflict shifts from diplomacy to combat |
| Industrial Farming | uses technology to produce higher crop yields |
| Traditional Sustenance Farming | for family use, human labor, animals |
| Polyculture | the growing of several crops on one plot of land |
| GMOs | created through gene splicing which inserts or deletes certain parts of an organism to make it "desireable" |
| Agrobiodiversity | the genetic variety of animal and plant species |
| Food Security | all or most people in a country have daily access to enough nutritious food to live healthy life |
| Food Insecurity | chronic hunger and poor nutrition |
| Malnutrition | lack of nutrients and vitamins |
| Undernourishment | lack of adequate food (calories) |
| Macronutrients | carbs, proteins, and fats |
| Micronutrients | vitamins and minerals |
| Industrialized Agriculture | heavy equipment, increased use of fossil fuels, water, fertilizers, pesticides, and single crop growth |
| Agribusiness | average farmers feed 155-170 people |
| Virtual Water | the freshwater that's not directly consumed but it's used to produce food and other products |
| Subside | sink |
| Sinkhole | an extreme sudden subsidence |
| Traditional Intensive Farming | higher crop yields through the use of manure and water |
| Swidden | area of land cleared by slash and burn |
| Food Desert | urban areas where people have little or no access to nutritious food |
| Furrow Irrigation | cuts furrows between crop rows and filling them with water, inexpensive but wasteful |
| Flood Irrigation | flooding of crop fields to water them, wasteful, leads to waterlogging |
| Center Pivot | circular farming water by a spinning irrigation system |
| Pest | any organism that has a negative effect on human health or economics |
| Agent Orange Act, 1991 | GWB passed this act to provide benefits to those exposed to Agent Orange |
| Ecological Pest Management | controlling pests based on their life cycle |
| Pyrethrum | obtained from the heads of chrysanthemums in the 1800s |
| Rotenone | obtained from the roots of tropical forest legumes in the 1800s |
| First Generation Pesticides | 1st attempt at chemical technology, toxic to all, pest resistance |
| Second Generation Pesticides | used after WW2, low toxicity to humans, pest resistance |
| Broad Spectrum | indiscriminate, kills everything |
| Lipophilic | likes fat |
| DDT | pesticide, not toxic to human but have dangerous long term effects, organochlorine |
| Bioaccumulation | increased concentration of pollutants from the environment to producers |
| Biomagnification | increase in concentration of a pollutant from one food chain to another |
| Third Generation Pesticides | toxic nerve agent (attack endocrine system), carbamates and organophosphates, degrade quicker |
| Resurgence | after eliminating a pest, they repopulate at even higher numbers |
| Secondary Outbreak | outbreaks of species population that weren't previously considered a pest |
| Warfarin | a modern, slow killing rat poison, blood thinner |
| Pesticide Drift | the sprays and dusts of pesticide that can travel and are harmful to human heath, the environment, and nearby crops |
| Pesticide Treadmill | the cycle of applying a pesticide, pests growing resistant, and inevitably the application of more pesticide or a new one |
| CAFOs | tightly packed feedlots where livestock go to develop before being killed, unsanitary, animals are pumped with antibiotics |
| Fishery | concentration of a particular wild aquatic species suitable for commercial harvesting |
| Fishery Collapse | a fishery's production decline of 90% or more |
| Trawler | a large net on the seafloor used to catch fish, but destroys the floor |
| Purseseine Fishing | kills dolphins |
| Long-Lining | kills turtles and dolphins |
| Drift Net Fishing | large bycatch |
| Fishprint | an area of ocean needed to sustain national, personal, or global fish consumption |
| Overburden | surface mining and the removal of large portions of soil and rock to access ore underneath |
| Strip Mining | removing of vegetation to mine underneath, causes erosion |
| Slag and Tailings | waste soil and rocks that are moved during mining |
| Ore | contains a profitable amount of mineral |
| Metallic Minerals | aluminum, iron, and copper |
| Nonmetallic Minerals | sand, gravel, and limestone |
| Reserves | estimated supply of a mineral resource |
| Ghost Fishing | when fishing net breaks off into the ocean, but continues to trap wildlife and killing them |
| Turtle Exclusion Device (TED) | a modification to prawn trawl nets which catch prawn but not turtles |
| Anadromous | marine animals that are born in freshwater, live in saltwater, and then return back to freshwater to lay eggs |
| Mineral Resource | concentration that we can extract and process them into raw materials |
| Synergistic | together two variables create a more powerful outcome |
| Mesothelioma | a type of cancer that occurs in the thin layer of tissue that covers the majority of your internal organs |
| Bitumen | oil within sand, lowest net energy because it takes a lot of energy to produce |
| Fracking | drilling into the earth's natural gas pockets |
| Gangue | the worthless part of a mineral rock |
| Cyanide | extremely toxic |
| Impervious Surface | man-made structures like roads that prevent water to infiltrate the soil, leading to flooding |
| White Flight | a term when white people fled to the suburbs |
| Centralia, PA | mining town, fire broke out in the 60s and it continues to burn |
| Ecological Footprint | measures how much nature is needed to support humans or the economy |
| Stewardship | the moral framework of our actions |
| Combined Sewer Stormwater System | stormwater and human wastewater are sent to the same place |
| Plastic Soup | plastics that enter wastewater that will not be removed by current waste treatment facilities |
| Windbreaks | walls around crops to breakup gusts of wind and reduce soil erosion |
| Aquaculture | efficient fish harvesting method, require little space and food, restock depleted populations |
| PCBs | a POP commonly found in farmed salmon |
| Conservation Easement | a voluntary legal agreement between a landowner and a land trust or government agency that permanently limit the use of land to promote conservation |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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