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2.7/7.1 Replication

QuestionAnswer
cell cycle phase of DNA replication S phase
Meselson and Stahl showed DNA replication is semiconservative by tracking heavy and normal nitrogen isotopes during replication
phrase used to describe DNA replication semiconservative
describe semiconservative strands unwind and new nucleotides are added this means the new DNA has one old strand and one new strand
origin of replication in eukaryotes 1000s bubbles/all eventually meet
origin of replication in prokaryotes 1 bubble/replication in both directions
direction of DNA replication 5' to 3' on the leading strand and 3' to 5' on the lagging strand
process of DNA replication pt. 1 -DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds at origins of replication -single strand binding proteins prevent strands from rewinding -replication bubble is created with 2 replication forks
PCR's purpose useful when a larger amount of DNA is needed ex. crime scenes
step by step process of PCR denaturation: heat DNA sample to separate it, annealing: DNA primers attach to opposite ends, elongation: DNA Taq polymerase copies the strands
DNA helicase unwinds DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
primerase creates RNA primer
DNA polymerase III adds DNA nucleotides in the 5'to 3' direction
DNA polymerase I replaces RNA primers with DNA
DNA ligase links all DNA nucleotides
DNA gyrase straightens the strand after it's unwound
single strand binding proteins prevent DNA strands from unwinding
Okazaki fragments short 5' to 3' segments of DNA that are added by DNA polymerase III
leading vs. lagging strands the leading strand is 5' to 3' while the lagging is 3' to 5'. Leading strand is continuous while the lagging is discontinuous. Leading has a single primer while lagging has multiple primers.
process of DNA replication pt. 2 -primerase creates RNA primer -DNA polymerase III adds complementary DNA nucleotides in 5' to 3'
process of DNA replication pt. 3 -leading strand adds DNA nucleotides continously in 5' to 3' direction -lagging strand uses okazaki fragments after which DNA polymerase I replaces RNA primer with DNA and DNA ligase links them
Created by: luciepike
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