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H.Bio Midterm Review
2023 Honors Biology Midterm Review Notes
| Term | Relative Info |
|---|---|
| Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes possess organized organelles and an organized nucleus. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and most other organelles. |
| Acids vs. Bases (pH) | Acids have a pH value of <7. Bases have a pH value of >7. Water is neutral,, and has a pH value of 7. |
| Catabolism vs. Anabolism (Metabolism) | Metabolism is the conclusive term for every chemical process associated with the use of food. Anabolism involves the building up of energy,, while catabolism involves the breaking down of food. |
| Meter | A unit of length. |
| Homeostasis | To be at a state of equilibrium. To maintain the homeostasis of body temperature, organisms will either sweat or shake. |
| Solute vs. Solvent | The solute is the item being dissolved,, while the solvent is the liquid that it is being dissolved in. |
| Parfocal Microscope | A microscope that stays in focus after finding focus. |
| Evolution | Caused by mutations,, often help a species in the long run. |
| Colloid | A substance that stays in constant suspension. Ex. Condensed Milk and Mayonnaise |
| Saturated Solutions | A solution that has absorbed all of the solute that it can. |
| Biosphere | All spaces on Earth where organisms can live. |
| Community | All living things. |
| Ecosystem | Where a community lives,, including the non-living environment. |
| Population | All of one species. |
| Adhesion (Water) | The tendency of water to cling to other surfaces. |
| Cohesion (Water) | The tendency of water to cling to other water droplets. |
| Hydrogen (Polar) Bonds | Bonds formed of water. |
| Diffusion | |
| Osmosis | The equalizing of substances through a membrane,, often liquid. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Passive diffusion,, but requires a carrier protein. |
| Endocytosis | Materials entering a cell. |
| Pinocytosis | Water coming into a cell. |
| Phagocytosis | The engulfing process inside a cell. |
| Hypertonic | A solution that has more solute than solvent. |
| Hypotonic | A solution that has more solvent than solute. |
| Isotonic | A solution that is at equilibrium. |
| Exocytosis | Materials exiting a cell. |
| Cytolsis | The bursting of cells. |
| The products of photosynthesis include: | Glucose (Carbohydrates) and Oxygen |
| Aerobic Respiration | Requires Oxygen,, Cellular Respiration. |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Doesn't Require Oxygen,, Glycolysis,, Lactic Acid Build-Up |
| What happens in the thylakoid? | Light reactions occur in the thylakoid. |
| What happens in the stroma? | Dark reactions (Calvins Cycle) occur in the stroma. |
| Chromatography | The separation of pigments. |
| Food Chain | Goes from producers (bottom) to consumers (top.) |
| What is the source of oxygen? | Oxygen comes from the separation of water in photosynthesis. |
| What is the source of carbon? | Carbon comes from the Carbon Dioxide in the air. |
| ATP | Energy that drives metabolism. |
| When is DNA replicated? | DNA is replicated in the S Phase of Interphase. |
| What form is DNA replicated into the form of? | DNA is replicated into Chromatin. |
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maib
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