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N5 Biology Unit 1
Flash Cards for N5 Biology Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the cell membrane | Controls what enters and exits the cell |
| What is the function of the ribosome | Site of protein synthesis |
| What is the function of the mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration respiration |
| What is the function of the nucleus | Controls cells activities |
| How do you identify a bacterial cell | It has a plasmid |
| How do you identify a plant cell | Has chloroplasts/ has a rectangular shape |
| How do you identify an animal cell | It doesn’t have a cell wall |
| How do you identify a fungal cell | Same organelles as a plant cell but without chloroplasts. Has oval shape |
| In what way is the cell wall of a plant cell different from the cell wall in bacteria/fungus | It is made of cellulose |
| What two parts make up the cell membrane | Protein and phospholipids |
| What does selectively permeable mean | Only lets certain substances through |
| Name one substance that is too large to cross the membrane | Starch |
| What is the difference between active and passive transport | Active requires energy passive doesn’t Active is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient, passsive is down the concentration gradient. Active is the movement of molecules from low to high concentration, passive is high to low. |
| Give a definition of diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration down a concentration gradient |
| Give three examples of substances that move in or out of the cell by diffusion | Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose |
| Give a definition of osmosis | Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of higher to lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane |
| How do you know which solution has the highest water concentration | The lower the number the higher the water |
| What would happen to a plant cell placed in pure water | Water would move in and it would become turgid |
| What would happen to a plant cell placed in strong sugar solution | Water would move out and it would become plasmolysed |
| What would happen to an animal cell placed in pure water | It would burst |
| What would happen to an animal cell placed in strong sugar solution | It would shrink |
| Give a definition of active transport | Movement of molecules or ions from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration against a concentration gradient |
| How would you describe the structure of DNA | Double stranded helix |
| Name the four DNA bases and give the pairing rule | Adenine pairs with thymine Guanine pairs with cytosine |
| What does the sequence of bases in DNA determine | The order of amino acids and therefore the structure and function of the protein |
| What is the name of the molecule that carries a complimentary copy of DNA out of the nucleus | MRNA |
| Where does the first step in proteins synthesis take place | Nucleus |
| Where does the second step in protein synthesis take place | Ribosome |
| Name 5 types of protein | Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Receptors, Enzymes |
| What do enzymes do | Speed up chemical reactions but remain unchanged |
| What two types of reaction are enzymes involved in | Synthesis and degradation |
| Give an example of a synth is reaction | Phosphorylase Glucose1 phosphate Starch |
| Give an example of a degradation reaction | SAM. OR. HPCOW |
| What does it mean when we say enzymes are specific | They only work on one substrate |
| What does optimum mean | The condition where the enzyme is most active |
| What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity | As temperature increases so does enzyme activity until 37 degrees the. It decreases and stops at high temperatures |
| What does denatured mean | When an enzyme stops working because it’s active site has changed shapea |
| Apart from temperature, what other factor can affect enzyme activity | pH |
| Name two products made by genetic engineering | Insulin and growth hormone |
| In genetic engineering, what step comes after the plasmid is cut open | Gene is sealed into the plasmid using enzymes |
| In genetic engineering, what step comes after the gene of interest is located | The gene is cut out using enzymes |
| Give three reasons cells require energy | Cell division, cell growth, muscular contraction |
| Why do muscle cells and sperm cells have lots of mitochondria | They require more energy/ATP |
| How many ATP are made in the first stage of respiration | 2 |
| What is the product of the first stage of respiration | Pyruvate |
| In The second stage of aerobic respiration how much ATP is made | Lots |
| What is the final product of the second stage of aerobic respiration | Carbon dioxide and water |
| How many ATP are made in the fermentation pathway | 2ATP |
| What is the final product of fermentation in animal cells | Lactate |
| What is the final product of fermentation in plant cells | Ethanol and Carbon dioxide |
| What is the name of the first stage in photosynthesis | Light reaction / photolysis |
| What two products from The first stage are required in the second stage | Hydrogen and ATP |
| What is the second stage of respiration called | Carbon fixation |
| What happens in carbon fixation | Hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to make glucose using ATP |
| What are the three fates of glucose | Stored as starch, used to make cellulose, used in respiration |
| What are the three limiting factors of photosynthesis | Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration , temperature |
Created by:
Mrs McAleney
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