Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Macromolecules Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | made of C, H, O; monomer; the body's main source of energy; sugars & starches |
| nucleic acid | made of C, H, O, N, P; polymer; stores genetic information |
| lipids | made of C, H, O; polymer; stores energy; fats, oils, waxes; hydrophobic |
| proteins | made of C, H, O, N; polymer; chains of amino acids |
| starch | carbohydrate, store energy in plants, made of glucose |
| cellulose | carbohydrate, strongest part of cell wall in plants, made of glucose, gives body fiber |
| glycogen | carbohydrate, store energy in animals, stores energy in liver as glycogen then used as energy |
| triglyceride | lipid, made of glycerol and long chains of fatty acids, give body energy, found in plant and animal fat |
| phospholipid | lipid, tail is hydrophobic, head is hydrophilic, makes cell membrane |
| steroid | lipid, chains of carbon and hydrogen, form 4 interlocking rings, found in cells |
| enzyme | protein, speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions in the body, catalyst, VERY SPECIFIC |
| the backbone of all organic compounds | carbon, they bond to make very long and strong chains |
| monosaccharide | carbohydrate; glucose, galactose, fructose, simple sugars, monomers |
| disaccharide | carbohydrate; sucrose, maltose, lactose, double sugars |
| polysaccharide | carbohydrate; starch, glycogen, cellulose, polymer |
| unsaturated fatty acids | liquid at room temperature, curved, have one or more double bonds, oil, healthier, from plants |
| saturated fatty acids | solid at room temperature, square/rectangular, no double bonds, butter, unhealthier, from animals |
| the order of the amino acids is very specific because | if the structure of the acids change, it can change the entire function of the protein |
| functions of protiens | movement, structural support, transportation within cells, buffering against changes in pH, regulation of chemical reactions, control via hormones, defense (antibodies) |
| causes of denaturation of a protein | exposure to heat and/or acid |
| organic chemistry | the study of the carbon compounds that make up living organisms |
| why is carbon so important | it forms 4 covalent bonds with other atoms |
| functional group | group that tells us the function of the molecule |
| hydrocarbon | functional group, made of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon |
| R-group | functional group, really long chain of carbons and hydrogens |
| methyl group | functional group, carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen |
| alcohol group | functional group, oxygen and hydrogen bonded to something |
| aldehyde | functional group, O l l C / \ R H |
| carboxylic acid | functional group, O l l C / \ R OH |
| amide | functional group, O l l C / \ R NH2 |
| benzene ring | functional group, hexagon shaped |
| monomer | molecule that is a building block to larger molecules (polymers), one part |
| polymer | many parts, made of monomers |
| dehydration synthesis | chemical reaction between 2 monomers to create macromolecules |
| hydrolysis | use water to break down polymers |
| macromolecules | polymer, really big molecules, compared to other molecules (carbs, lipids, nucleic acids) |
| making bonds | store energy |
| breaking bonds | release energy |
| monosaccharides in DNA and RNA | ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA) |
| parts of a nucleotide | phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base, sugar |
| DNA | strands go opposite ways (road), made of 2 strands of nucleotides that form a double helix shape |
| RNA | single stranded |
| lipids vs. carbohydrates | don't form polymers like carbohydrates can |
| lipids are | hydrophobic |
| fatty acids differ because | of their length and the presence of double bonds |
| trans fat | unsaturated fatty acids that have fewer double bonds, increases risk of heart disease |
| bilayer | cell membrane, when phospholipids are added to water and create a double layered film of molecules |
| endothermic | storing energy |
| exothermic | releasing energy |
| inputs in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | substrates |
| outputs in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | products |
| denaturation | a change in shape that disables a protein's function |
| decomposition | take apart |
| composition | put together |
| catalyst | speeds up reaction time |
Created by:
ts2819
Popular Biology sets