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Chapter 16

Endocrine System

QuestionAnswer
Exocrine gland; release products locally into ducts
Endocrine gland; release hormones into blood
Hormone; chemical signal released by endocrine gland into bloodstream
Negative feedback; turns something off/down; sweating lowers temperature
Positive feedback; keeps pushing something in the same direction/ turns up the response
Target cell; cell that responds to a particular hormone - has receptor for the hormone
Pituitary gland; brain - beneath hypothalamus
Thyroid; Anterior neck
Parathyroid; 4 small glands on back of thyroid
Adrenal glands; top of kidneys
Thymus; superficial to the heart
Pancreas; posterior to the stomach
Ovary; pelvic cavity in females
Testes; hang below the pelvic cavity outside the body of males
Growth hormone; bone and muscle growth
Prolactin; stimulates milk production in mammary glands
Thyroid-stimulating hormone; released by anterior pituitary to stimulate thyroid
Thyroid hormone; metabolism
Parathyroid hormone; increases calcium in blood
Oxytocin; stimulates uterine contractions and milk release from mammary glands
ADH; decreases urine production when dehydrated
Glucagon; raise blood sugar - breaks down glycogen
Insulin; lowers blood sugar
Over-secretion of thyroid hormone; metabolism speeds up
Under-secretion of thyroid hormone; metabolism slows down
Goiter; enlarged thyroid
Graves' disease; autoimmune against the thyroid
Type I diabetes mellitus; autoimmune, younger onset; pancreas cells destroyed so can't make insulin
Type II diabetes mellitus; obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise; produce insulin but cells don't respond
Created by: castigisselle
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