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Chapter 14
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central nervous system; CNS: | brain and spinal cord; integrates body signals, controls body, spinal cord reflexes |
| Peripheral nervous system; PNS: | cranial and spinal nerves; carries signals to and fromCNS |
| Neurons; | transmit electrical signals |
| Neuroglial cells; | support, nourish neurons, outnumber neurons |
| Types of neurons; | sensory, motor, interneuron |
| Sensory neuron; | carry signals toward CNS |
| Motor neuron; | carry signals away from CNS |
| Interneuron; | integrates signals in CNS, determines a response |
| Sensory receptor; | detects stimuli |
| Effector; | muscle or gland: responds to stimuli |
| Dendrites; | extensions from cell body that receive signals |
| Cell body; | largest portion of neuron, contains organelles |
| Axon; | sends electrical signals |
| Myelin sheaths; | around some axons - white matter; speed up signals |
| Schwann cells; | from myelin sheaths in the PNS |
| Nodes of Ranvier; | spaces on axons between myelin sheaths |
| Multiple sclerosis; | autoimmune disorder against myelin sheaths, slows electrical signals - causes weakness |
| Action potential; | Electrical signal; the first step is depolarization |
| Depolarization; | sodium rushing into cell through ion channels |
| Synapse; | meeting place between two neurons |
| Presynaptic neuron; | neuron sending the signal |
| Postsynaptic neuron; | neuron receiving signal |
| Cerebrospinal fluid; CSF; | lubricates/protects brain and spinal cord; between the meninges |
| Ventricles; | contains CSF |
| Central canal; | middle of spinal cord - filled with CSF; |
| Cerebral cortex; | most superficial portion of cerebrum - gray matter |
| Gray matter; | unmyelinated parts of neurons |
| White matter; | myelinated axons; deeper inside the brain; but superficial in the spinal cord |
| Sensory; | primary somatosensory area |
| Motor; | primary motor area |
| Reflex; | automatic; pain reflex |
| Spinal nerves; | exit the spinal cord |
| Cranial nerve; | exit the brain |
| Somatic nervous system; | voluntary control: skeletal muscle, skin |
| Autonomic nervous system; | involuntary: cardiac/smooth muscle, organs, glands |
Created by:
castigisselle
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