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Chapter 3

Cells

QuestionAnswer
Eukaryotic cell; Large/more complex with specialized organelles; found in multicellular organisms
Prokaryotic cell; SMaller; lack most organelles; single-celled organisms
Nucleus; Stroes DNA/chromatin
Nuclear envelope; encloses nucleus
Nucleolus; Synthesizes ribosomes
NUclear pores; Allows substances to enter/exit the nucleus
Ribosome; Synthesizes proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum; No ribosomes - synthesizes lipids
Golgi complex; Modifies proteins
Mitochondria; cellular respiration - makes ATP
Cytoskeleton; protein fibers - holds organelles in place
Cytoplasm; fluid with dissolved substances and organelles
Extracellular fluid; fluid outside of cells
Hydrophobic; water-fearing; lipid soluble substances - do not dissolve in water
Hydrophilic; water-loving; water-soluble substances - polar substances, ions
Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer; Hydrophilic heads point outwards and hydrophobic tails point inward
Selectively permeable; allows only certain substances through
Hydrophobic or small hydrophilic substances can cross plasma membrane easily; Others need help from channel/carrier proteins in the plasma membrane - allow hydrophilic substances to cross the membrane
Proteins on surface of cell help identify cells as "self" or "foreign"; Glycoproteins
Diffusion; Substances moving from high to low concentration with no energy
Osmosis; water movement from high to low water concentration
Active transport; carrier proteins/pump uses ATP to move substances from low to high concentration
Exocytosis; Vesicles move substances out
Endocytosis; Vesicles move substances in
Created by: castigisselle
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