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Response
Response Unit - 10th Grade Biology
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neuron | a nerve cell |
| Cell Body | The main part of the nerve cell where the nucleus is found. |
| Dendrite | Extensions of the cell body that receive stimuli. |
| axon | A long extension from the cell body that carries a message to the next cell. |
| myelin sheath | An insulating layer around the axon, it allows the nerve impulse to travel down the axon. |
| cerebrum | Area of the brain responsible for voluntary actions. |
| synapse | A small space between nerve cells. |
| neurotransmitter | A chemical "ferry boat" that carries and electrical impulse across the synapse, from one neuron to the next. |
| central nervous system | the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | The area of the brain that coordinates body movement. |
| brain stem | Structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord, includes the medulla oblongata and pons. |
| hypothalamus | Brain center that controls recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temperature. |
| thalamus | Brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays that information to the proper region of the brain for processing. |
| reflex | Quick automatic response to a stimulus. |
| sensory receptor | Neuron that reacts directly to light, sound or other stimuli. |
| disease | Any change, other than an injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body. |
| pathogen | A disease causing organism. |
| germ theory of disease | Idea that infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms. |
| Koch's postulates | A series of guidelines used to identify a disease causing organism. |
| toxin | A poison that produces an illness. |
| vector | An organism that transmits a disease-causing organism. |
| antibiotic | A chemical that kills bacteria without killing human cells. |
| inflamatory response | A non-specific defense reaction to tissue damaged by injury or infection. |
| fever | An elevated body temperature that is in response to an infection. |
| immune response | The body's specific defenses that attack a disease-causing organism. |
| antigen | A substance that triggers an immune response. |
| humoral immunity | Immunity against pathogens in the body fluids. |
| cell-mediated immunity | An immune response in which killer T cells attack antigen-bearing cells directly. |
| permanent immunity | Condition in which people have survived exposure to a disease never develop it again. |
| vaccination | Injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity. |
| active immunity | Immunity produce by a vaccine. Called active because the the body has the ability to mount an active immune response against the pathogen. |
| histamine | Chemical released by activated mast cells that increase the flow of blood and fluids to the surrounding areas. |
| allergy | Overreaction of the immune system which results when antigens bind to mast cells. |
| asthma | An allergic reaction in which smooth muscle contractions reduce the size of air passageways in the lungs to make breathing difficult. |
| autoimmune disease | A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own cells. |
| behavior | The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment. |
| stimulus | Any kind of detectable signal that carries information. |
| response | single, specific reaction to a stimulus |
| innate behavior | Instinct |
| learning | Alterations in behavior as a result of experience. |
| habituation | Learning process by which an animal decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards or harms it. |
| classical conditioning | Learning process in which an animal makes a mental connection between a stimulus and some type of reward or punishment. |
| operant conditioning | Learning process in which an animal learns to behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to receive a reward or avoid punishment. Also called trial and error learning. |
| insight learning | Also called reasoning, learning process in which an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation without a period of trial and error. |
| imprinting | Learning based on early experience, once imprinting has occured, the behavior cannot be changed. |
| migration | Periodic movement and return of animals from one place to another. |
| circadium rhythm | Behavioral cycle that occurs in a daily pattern. |
| territory | Specific area occupied and protected by an animal or group of animals. |
| agression | Threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another. |
| communication | passing of information from one organism to another |
| language | System of communication that combines sounds, symbols or gestures according to a set of rules about word order and meaning. |
Created by:
Holly Thomas
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