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2nd Nine Weeks Vocab

TermDefinition
atom small particle that is the building block
nucleus The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
proton A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
neutron A neutral (uncharged) subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Element Substance that consists of just one type of matter
atomic number The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity
atomic mass The total mass of an atom, calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons.
electron cloud The region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.
electron shell A specific energy level or orbit where electrons are located.
valence electron Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical reactions.
compound : Substance containing atoms of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
molecule A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a compound
ion An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.
periodic table A chart that organizes elements based on their atomic number, properties, and electron configuration
chemical symbol A one- or two-letter representation of an element (e.g., H for hydrogen, O for oxygen).
chemical formula A combination of chemical symbols and numbers that represents a compound's composition.
isotope Different forms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
bohr model A simplified model of the atom that depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels.
lewis dot structure A diagram that represents the arrangement of valence electrons in an atom or ion.
group column on the periodic table
period row on the periodic table
periodic table chart of the elements arranged in rows and columns according to the elements' physical and chemical properties
alkali metal element in group 1 on the periodic table
alkaline earth metal element in group 2 on the periodic table
ductility ability of a substance to be pulled into thin wires
luster ability of a metal to reflect light
metal generally shiny element; easily pulled into wires or hammered into thin sheets; a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy
transition element element in groups 3-12 on the periodic table
halogen element in group 17 on the periodic table
metalloid element with physical and chemical properties of metals on the periodic table
noble gas element in group 18 on the periodic table
nonmetal element that has no metallic properties
semiconductor material that conducts electricity at high temperatures but not at low temperatures
metallic bond the type of chemical bond between atoms in a metallic element
ionic bond a bond between a metal and a nonmetal
covalent bond a bond between a nonmetal and a nonmetal
electronegativity the degree to which an element tends to gain electrons and form negative ions in chemical reactions
Lewis dot diagram representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of an element. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in that atom
ions an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
cation a positively charged ion; formed when a metal loses an electron
anion a negatively charged ion; formed when a nonmetal gains an electron
octet rule -atoms of low atomic number tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas
Created by: hannah.hornsby
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