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Biology
Biomolecules
| Term/definition | Question/answer |
|---|---|
| Macromolecules | made up of large molecular weight (insoluble in chloro-acetic acid) |
| Micromolecules | less molecular weight (soluble in chloro-acetic acid) |
| Enzymes (2 types) | increases the rate of reaction w/o undergoing any change in itself, they are proteinaceous in nature |
| Simple enzymes | made up of only proteins; e.g- pepsin, trypsin |
| Conjugated enzymes | made up both protein and non-protein part, attached with proteins |
| What is the protein part in conjugated enzymes known as? | apoenzymes |
| What is non-protein part in conjugated enzymes known as? | co-factors (2 types) |
| Organic CF | 1. co enzymes: easily get separated 2. prosthetic group: tightly packed, can't be separated easily |
| Inorganic CF | they initiates the reaction, e.g- metallic ions |
| Activation energy | minimum energy taken up by substrate to work |
| Substrate | gives rise to products |
| Working of enzymes (induced-fit theory) | enzyme + substrate → enzyme substrate complex (remain together temporarily) - (substrate changes into product) → Enzyme + Product |
| Coordination bond | bond between S1 and S2 |
| Active site | where substrates get attached |
| Classification of enzymes | 1. intracellular enzymes (endogenous enz) 2. extracellular enzymes (exogenous enz) |
| Endogenous enzymes | present inside the cell |
| Exogenous enzymes | present outside the cell |
| Induced-fit theory | enzymes undergo confirmational change so that S1 and S2 can come closer to each other |
| Turn over | no. of molecules of substrate which can be used by enzymes |
| Factors responsible for enzyme activities | 1. temperature 2. pH 3. concentration of substrate |
| How does temperature affects the enzyme activities? | high temp: enzymes→ denatured low temp: enzymes → inactive |
| Optimal temperature for enzyme activities | 25 deg C to 40 deg C |
| How does pH affects the enzyme activities? | as the pH value is increased above or decreased below the optimum pH the enzyme activity decreases |
| How does concentration affects the enzyme activities? | more substrate → enzyme activity increases |
| Factors inhibiting the the working of enzymes | 1. high & low temperature 2. competitive inhibition 3. non-competitive inhibition |
| Competition inhibitator | if it is present with substrate, the morphology is same as the morphology of substrate (E + S + Ci) hence will suppress the activities of enzymes - attached to the main site |
| Non-competition inhibitator | not attached to the main site and will decrease the turn over no. IN BOTH THE CASES , ENZYMES DOES NOT WORK PROPERLY |
Created by:
Aliya_02
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