Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Module 7
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| True Breeding | If an organism has a certain characteristic that always is passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic |
| Allele | One pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
| Genotype | Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
| Phenotype | The observable expression of an organism's genes |
| Homozygous genotype | A genotype in which both alleles are identical |
| Heterozygous genotype | A genotype with two different alleles |
| Dominant Allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in genotype |
| Recessive Allele | An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele |
| Testcross | Breeding an organism displaying the dominant phenotype but unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism |
| Pedigree | A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations |
| Monohybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait |
| Dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of individual |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Carriers | Individuals who have one copy of an allele for a recessive trait but do not exhibit the trait |
| Incomplete dominance | Inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes |
| Codominance | Inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes express the distinct phenotypes of both alleles |
| Antigen | A substance that, when introduced into the blood, triggers the production of the antibody |
| Antibody | Specialized proteins in your immune system used to attack and destroy specific antigens |
| Autosomal inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome |
| Sex-linked inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes |
| Gene mutation | A radical change in the DNA of one more alleles |
| Chromosomal mutations | Changes in the chromosome structure in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis |
| Nondisjunction | A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one of a particular chromosome in the gamete |
| Genome | A complete set of an organism's genetic information encoded in its DNA |
| Short tandem repeats STRs | Short sequences of DNA that are repeated numerous times at various locations in the noncoding region of a chromosome |
| Restriction enzyme | An enzyme that recognizes and cuts DNA only at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| Plasmid | A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code |
| Recombinant DNA | Taking DNA from two different species and combining them in one cell |
| Genetically modified organisms | An organism that has been genetically altered by humans |
| Transgenic organism | An organism that carries one or more genes from a different species |
Created by:
gabbybialas
Popular Biology sets