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W&C Fa-22
Weather & Climate Fall 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CO2 and water vapor absorb ____ radiation | Longwave |
| Planetary albedo and absorption are part of what? | Incoming shortwave radiation budget |
| Sunlight reflected from Earth to the dark side of Moon, directly measures albedo (A) | Earthshine |
| Line connecting places with equal temperature (map) | Isotherm |
| What are controls of temperature? | Latitude, altitude, ocean currents, urban vs rural, geographic positioning, cloud cover, albedo, differential heating of land and water |
| Rotating drum calibrated to passage of days, stylus linked to bimetal strip | Thermograph |
| The temperature a person perceives | Apparent temperature |
| Latent heat of melting or fusion | 80 calories |
| Solid to gas process | Sublimation |
| Gas to solid process | Deposition |
| Amount of water vapor in air | Humidity |
| Mass of water vapor in a given volume of air | Absolute humidity |
| Mass of water vapor in a unit of air compared to the remaining mass of dry air | Mixing ratio |
| The part of the total atmospheric pressure attributable to its water-vapor content | Relative humidity |
| Temperature to which air needs to be cooled to reach saturation | Dew point |
| Device to measure moisture in content of air | Hygrometer |
| Dry thermometer measures air temperature, wet bulb measures dryness of air | Psychrometer |
| The equilibrium point between evaporation and condensation | Saturation |
| Dry adiabatic rate | Unsaturated air cools at a rate of 10°C/1000m |
| Lifting condensation level | Condensation is triggered when air rises high enough to reach its saturation point and form clouds |
| Wet adiabatic rate | Reduced cooling rate because air ascended above lifting condensation level |
| Elevated terrains acting as barriers to the flow of air | Orographic lifting |
| Masses of warm and cold air colliding, cooler air acting as a barrier | Frontal lifting |
| Converging horizontal air flow | Convergence |
| Unequal surface heating causes localized pockets of air to rise | Localized convective lifting |
| ____ air resists vertical movement | Stable |
| ____ air rises due to buoyancy | Unstable |
| Actual temperature of the atmosphere | Environmental lapse rate |
| Air parcel returning to its original height after displacement | Stable |
| Air parcel accelerating upward after displacement because of buoyancy | Unstable |
| Air parcel staying at its new height after displacement | Neutral |
| General downward air flow | Subsidence |
| Adiabatic process | No heat exchange occurs across parcel boundary |
| Heat transfer by the movement of material | Convection |
| Heat transfer without the movement of material | Conduction |
| Rayleigh number | Determines the onset of convection, ratio of factors promoting convection to inhibiting factors |
| Reynolds number | Determines the mode of convection, laminar vs turbulent |
| ____ states that an object immersed in a fluid displaces a volume of water whose weight equals to the weight of the object | Archimedes' principle |
| Resistance of the atmosphere to vertical motion | Atmospheric stability |
| Clouds that form over wildfires with no rain (heavy nucleation, no growth) | Pyrocumulonimbus |
| ___ inversion (thin, erodible, causes storms) | Capping |
| ____ inversion (thick) | Subsidence |
| Hook shaped clouds, precursors to bad weather | Uncinus |
| Stratus or cumulus clouds that appear broken | Fractus |
| Clouds with udder-shaped protrusions on bottom surfaces, associated with stormy weather | Mammatus |
| Lens-shaped clouds, common in rugged/mountainous topographies | Lenticular |
| Thin and wispy high clouds, move west to east | Cirrus |
| High small, rounded white puffs individually or in long rows | Cirrocumulus |
| High thin, sheetlike clouds | Cirrostratus |
| Puffy gray middle clouds, less than 1km thick | Altocumulus |
| Even middle gray clouds, no shadows | Altostratus |
| Low uniform gray clouds, like fog that doesn't touch the ground | Stratus |
| Low lumpy clouds | Stratocumulus |
| Dark gray low clouds, continuous light/moderate rain/snow | Nimbostratus |
| Puffy vertical cloud | Cumulus |
| Very tall thunderstorm cloud | Cumulonimbus |
| Radiation cooling of the ground and air leads to ____ fog, thickest in valleys | Radiation |
Created by:
damit
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