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KNS 200

QuestionAnswer
1. What is applied anatomy concerned with? function and form
1. What is the most common lever in the body? 3rd class lever
1. The transverse plane separates the body into _____ & _____ sections. superior/inferior
1. Transverse plane movement is around the _____ axis. superoinferior
1. The sagittal plane separates the body into _____ & _____ sections. left/right
1. Sagittal plane movement is around the _____ axis. mediolateral
1. The frontal plane separates the body into _____ & _____ sections. anterior/posterior
1. Frontal plane movement is around the _____ axis. anteroposterior
1. Sagittal plane/mediolateral axis movements include_____, ______, & _____. flexion/extension/hyperextension
1. Frontal plane/anteroposterior axis movements include _____ & _____. adduction and abduction
1. Transverse plane/ superoinferior axis movements include _____ _____. external rotation
1. The organization of skeletal muscle from largest to smallest is: whole muscle, fascicle, myofibril, sarcomere
1. What is a myofibril? a collection of myofilaments
1. What is a sarcomere made up of? actin and myosin
1. What is an isometric muscle contraction? tension with no change in muscle length
1. What is a concentric muscle contraction? tension that shortens muscle length
1. What is an eccentric muscle contraction? lengthening of muscle while maintaining tension
1. What does the sliding filament theory explain? shortening of sarcomeres
2. Kinetics describes _____. causes of motion
2. Kinematics describes _____. motion
2. What is displacement? difference between initial and final positions
2. What is velocity? rate of change in position
2. What is acceleration? rate of change in velocity
2. What is mass? inertia
2. What is force? a push or a pull
2. What unit is displacement measured in? m
2. What unit is velocity measured in? m/s
2. What unit is acceleration measured in? m/s^2
2. What unit is mass measured in? kg
2. What unit is force measured in? N
2. What is the equation for displacement? d = dfinal - dinitial
2. What is the equation for velocity? v = (dfinal - dinitial) / delta t
2. What is the equation for acceleration? a = (vfinal - vinitial) / delta t
2. What is the equation for force? f = ma
2. Describe Newton's first law, the law of inertia. an object at rest will stay at rest unless an outside force acts on it
2. Describe Newton's second law, the law of acceleration. the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass
2. Describe Newton's third law, the law of action and reaction. for every action force, there is an equal reaction in magnitude and an opposite reaction in direction
2. Describe internal force. generated inside the body
2. Describe external force. applied to something outside
1. What are the three branches of motor behavior? learning, control, development
1. Describe standard anatomical position. standing, feet together, forearms supinated
2. What do microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) measure? body movements
2. What is the benefit of biomechanists utilizing computer modeling/simulation techniques? allows a practitioner or researcher to ask questions that are difficult to answer using actual performers
2. Force transducers measure _____. forces
2. Force platforms measure _____. ground reaction forces
2. Plantar pressure systems measure _____. force applied over a given area
2. Electromyography (EMG) systems measure _____. skeletal muscle force
3. What is VO2 max? maximal oxygen uptake
3. What are type I muscle fibers? slow twitch oxidative
3. What are type II muscle fibers? fast twitch
3. What are type IIa muscle fibers? aerobic
3. What are type IIb muscle fibers? anaerobic
3. How do you calculate cardiac output? heart rate x stroke volume
3. True or false: lungs expand in size during training. false
3. What is an ECG/EKG used to measure? heart rhythm
4. What is self-determination theory? three basic physiological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness
4. What are the ABCs of physical activity? affect, behavior, cognitions
4. What does self-determination theory suggest about motivation? it exists on a continuum
4. What are the four fuels to foster more self-determined forms of motivation? enjoyment, competence, autonomy, relatedness
4. What does the inverted U model of arousal versus performance suggest? moderate arousal is ideal
4. What is mindfulness? focusing on the present moment in an open, non-judgmental way
4. What is choking? sudden deterioration of performance below the expected level for a person performing under pressure
4. What is burnout? feelings of mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion
4. _____ can be used to turn negative stress (anxiety) into positive stress (excitement). reframing
4. Attentional focus, how and when to focus on the body, is used for _____ (likely when arousal state is _____). association/high
4. Knowing how and when to distract yourself allows for _____ (likely when arousal state is _____). dissociation/low
4. Sport and exercise psychologists collect data by... questionnaires, interviews, physical measures, content analysis
5. Define motor learning. acquisition of skilled movements as a result of practice
5. Define motor control. the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement
5. Define motor development. developmental view of motor learning and motor control across a lifespan
5. The information processing model represents the brain as a _____, the spinal cord as _____, and the muscles as _____. CPU, wiring, screen
5. Describe discrete movements (e.g. hitting a baseball). one movement with definite beginning and end
5. Describe continuous movements (e.g. running, walking). same movement repeated in a sequence
5. What is retention in motor behavior? ability to recall a movement
5. What is transference (e.g. volleyball player easily and intuitively knows how to serve a tennis ball). movement from one activity transfers to another
5. Define dynamical systems theory. more direct and less cognitive link between motor action and info acquired by the perceptual system
5. Dynamical systems theory implies that movement relies very little on _____. decision making/central control in brain
5. Learning is determined by _____ and _____. retention and transfer
5. Define augmented feedback. feedback from an external source
5. 'Movements should rely on decision-making centers in the brain as little as possible once movement starts' is specific to what motor subdiscipline? dynamical systems theory
5. describe open movements (e.g. playing a game in a sport). different throughout
5. Describe closed movements (e.g. pitching machine practicing baseball). same every time
5. What do researchers studying motor behavior typically measure? reaction time, successful trials/attempts, quantification of movement kinematics
5. Name a theory NOT described within motor behavior. self-determination theory
6. Epidemiology is defined as the study of the _____ and _____ of health-related states or events in human _____ and the application of this study to prevent and control health problems. distribution/determinants/populations
6. Lower physical activity levels are statistically associated with _____. increased NCD risk
6. Higher physical activity levels are statistically associated with _____. musculoskeletal injury
6. ___% of adult women and ___% of adult men met the aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines from 2008-2016. 19/26
6. What percentage of adults met the aerobic guidelines? 51.5%
6. What percentage of adults met the muscle-strengthening guidelines? 35.3%
6. True or false? The rate of physical activity among Americans has declined since the physical activity guidelines were published in 2008. False
6. Physical activity guidelines for adults recommends _____ minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and muscle strengthening activity at least _____ days a week. 150/2
6. How does nhanes collect data? interviews and physical examinations
6. How does BRFSS collect data? telephone surveys
6. What is morbidity? state of having a specific illness or condition
6. What is mortality? number of deaths that have occurred due to a specific illness or condition
Created by: zackgamble
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