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Unit 5 Energy in a C
VOCABULARY only
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | Compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things People and animals are heterotrophs |
| Autotroph | Makes its own food from capturing energy from sunlight or chemicals. |
| Photosynthesis | Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Pigment | Light absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy |
| chlorophyll | Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organism |
| Thylakoid | Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts (the site of light dependent reactions) |
| Stroma | Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids (site of light INdependent reactions) |
| NADP+ | carrier molecule that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| Light dependent reactions | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH (occur in thylakoids) |
| Light- Independent Reactions | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the calvin cycle (occur in stroma) |
| Photosystem | Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids (are essential to light-dependant reactions) |
| Electron Transport Chain | Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions |
| ATP Synthase | Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through it |
| Calvin Cycle | Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar |
| calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
| Cellular Respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules Aerobic → with oxygen Anaerobic → without oxygen |
| Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Process that does NOT require oxygen |
| Glycolysis | First set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| NAD+ | Electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| Krebs Cycle | Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions (requires oxygen) |
| Matrix | Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion |
| Fermentation | Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| Structural difference between ADP and ATP | ATP has 3 phosphate molecules where ADP has only 2 |
| photolysis | the splitting of water during photosynthesis |
Created by:
JMonforte
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