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Geo ch.12 (2)
Services and Settlements - Rural/Urban Settlements and Urbanization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| clustered rural settlements | an agricultural-based community in which several families live near each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings |
| circular clustered rural settlement | consists of a central open space surrounded by structures |
| Maasai people | sub-Saharan Africa, pastoral nomads who build circular settlements called kraal, livestock in the center and houses surround |
| kraal | circular settlements built by the Maasai people |
| linear clustered rural settlement | comprise buildings clustered along a road, river, or dike to facilitate communications |
| old clustered rural settlement pattern | central common surrounded by the church, school, and various houses |
| dispersed rural settlement | characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements |
| enclosure movement | in the UK between 1750 and 1850 - resulted in the consolidation of individually owned strips of land surrounding villages into large farms owned by single individuals |
| 4 urban hearths | Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Indus River Valley |
| early consumer services | places to bury the dead, places for ceremonies and dwellings |
| early business services | places to store food and trade, officials set fair prices, kept record, and created currency |
| 1st settlements | 2500 BCE, trading center that provided govt, military protection, and other services - organized into city-states - places for families and manufacturing centers |
| Rome | empire’s center for administration, commerce, culture, and all other services - the world’s most populous city 2,000 years ago and may have been the first city to reach a half million inhabitants |
| feudal lords | gave residents charters of rights with which to establish independent cities in exchange for their military service |
| churches | the tallest and most elaborate structures |
| urbanization | the process by which the population of urban settlements grows |
| 2 dimensions of urbanization | increase in % and number of people living in urban settlements |
| Louis Wirth | argued during the 1930s that an urban dweller follows a different way of life than does a rural dweller |
| 3 characteristics of a city | large size, high population density, socially heterogeneous people |
| percent urban of developed country | 79% |
| percent urban of developing country | 50% |
| megacity | an urban settlement with a total population in excess of 10 million people (Osaka, Moscow, Los Angeles, Paris, London, and Nagoya in developed countries) |
| metacity | has more than 20 million people (Tokyo, Seoul, and New York in developed countries) |
| London | 1st city to exceed 5 million, around 1900 |
| New York City | 1st city to exceed 10 million, around 1940 |
| Tokyo | current world's largest city |
| Jakarta, Indonesia | may become the world's largest city by 2030 |
Created by:
imr36093
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