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Vocab Ch.8
Honors Biology Ch.8 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotroph | usually a photosynthetic organism. Collectively, autotrophs make up the trophic level of an ecosystem that ultimately supports all other levels. |
| calvin cycle | The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. |
| carbon fixation | The initial incorporation of carbon from carbon dioxide into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotrophic prokaryote). |
| carotenoid | An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes. |
| chlorophyll | any member of the most important class of pigments involved in photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll a | A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy. |
| chlorophyll b | An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a. |
| heterotroph | An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them. |
| light reactions | The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). |
| mesophyll | Leaf cells specialized for photosynthesis. |
| NADP-plus | a coenzyme that functions as a universal electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen atoms to form NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NADPH | The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions. |
| photon | A quantum, or discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle. |
| photophosphorylation | The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis. |
| photosynthesis | The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes. |
| producer | An organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide by harnessing light energy (in photosynthesis) or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (in chemosynthetic reactions carried out by some prokaryotes). |
| stomata | A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant. |
| stroma | The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. |
| thylakoid | A flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast. |
| visible light | That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm. |
| wavelength | The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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