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Biology
Chapter 4- Mendelian & Non-Mendelian Principles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregor Johann Mendel | father of genetics; responsible for the laws governing inheritance of traits |
| garden peas (pisum sativum) | what Gregor Mendel used t study the inheritance of traits |
| particulate inheritance | A theory formulated by Gregor Mendel based on his garden pea breeding experiments wherein he conjectures that discrete particles (now referred to as genes) that determine phenotypes are passed on from parents to offspring across generations. |
| Trait | any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring |
| heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| monohybrid cross | cross involving a single trait |
| dihybrid cross | cross involving two traits |
| punnett square | used to help solve genetic problems |
| homozygous genotype | - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (RR; rr); also called pure |
| heterozygous genotype | gene combination of one dominant & recessive allele (Rr) also called hybrid |
| hereditary characteristics | eye color, height, texture of hair, shape of the earlobes, skin complexion, etc. |
| alleles | contrasting expressions or alternative forms of trait |
| gametes | is a reproductive cell of an animal or plant. |
| parental generation | represented as P; refers to the first two individuals that are crossed in a breeding experiment |
| phenotype | observable trait |
| genotype | it describes an organism's complete set of gene |
| hybrid | an organism resulting from a cross of two pure breeding plants |
| gene | factor which controls the appearance of a trait |
| dominant allele | represented by an uppercase letter |
| recessive allele | represented by a lowercase letter |
| law of dominance, law of segregation, and law of independent assortment | mendelian principles |
| law of dominance | states that one factor in a pair may mask the expression of the other |
| law of segregation | states that a gene pair carries two separate characteristics; the gametes carry the hereditary factors that the offspring receives one factor from each parent |
| law of independent assortment | states that a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation; inheritance of one trait is not affected by the inheritance of another trait |
| incomplete dominance | The cross between organisms with two different phenotypes that produced offspring with phenotypes different from both parents |
| codominance | occurs when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote. |
| multiple alleles | states that there are three common alleles of this gene in human populations: A,B,O |
| punnett square | is a chart used in studying the possible combinations of genes and analysis of pssoible outcomes |
Created by:
yuniskie
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