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TOPIC 3
ER & GOLGI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what his the ER | • ER is continuous with the nucleus • important for intracellular Ca2+ storage • production of transmembrane proteins and lipids for most organelles • makes most proteins destined for secretion or the lumen of ER, Golgi or lysosomes Fig. 4-16 |
| diff between RER and SER | ribosomes embedded in the ER give the rough appearance • site of protein production and modification and lipid synthesis Fig. 4-16 |
| SER | lipid metabolism, production of lipoprotein particles (carry lipids via bloodstream) & detoxification harmful products (cytochrome p450) • transition ER =areas of the smooth ER -->form transport vesicles delivery to Golgi • intrac. Ca2+ storage |
| separation of SER and RER | ER reseals upon homogenization to form microsomes |
| explain the diff between co-transitionally proteins and post | ER uses a signal sequence to mark proteins for import • while the signals are different, all have 8 or more non-polar amino acids • signal sequence discovered in 1970s using in vitro translation studies • SRP – signal recognition particle |
| what is glycosylation • precursor oligosaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine, mannose and glucose makes up a 14 sugar entity which is attached en bloc to proteins by oligosaccharide transferase | • ½ eukaryotic proteins are glycosylated, although very few cytosolic proteins are glycosylated • N-linked (asparagine) • all diversity in glycosylation is obtained in later processing steps, some in the ER and some in the Golgi |
| glycosylation continued | diagram • N-linked (asparagine) • N-linked accounts for 90% of the glycosylation • O-linked glycosylation occurs in the Golgi glycosylation in the rough ER |
| what is the Golgi (diagram) | • stained nervous tissue with metallic impregnations in a method later know as the “black reaction” • first noticed Golgi bodies in 1898. These were not confirmed until the mid 1950s • shared 1906 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Cajal |
| Golgi facts all single-pass transmembrane proteins • O-linked glycosylation via S and T | site carbohydrate synthesis • sorts/dispatches proteins from ER • attaches oligosaccharides to many proteins/ lipids it receives from ER • animals, usually located close to nucleus, mediated by microtubules • all resident proteins are membrane-bound |
| structure of Golgi | Golgi stack in animal cell |
| how are proteins are processed as they proceed through the Golgi | in ER, oligosaccharides added to proteins to assist with folding and ensure proper folding • these can be modified in the Golgi • oligosaccharide processing occurs in organized sequence in the Golgi stack + fig. 12-5 |
| trafficking through end-membrane system | in detail |
Created by:
mackenzieecarroll
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