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BIO 120 New Stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The DNA Process according to the guest speaker... | Extraction, purification, quantification, amplification, electrophoresis, review, and report to agency |
| Conditions that will compromise/degrade DNA according to the guest speaker... | moisture, sunlight, excessive heat, contamination, exposure to dirt |
| What did Mendel discover? | the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden pea plants (genes) |
| What did Thomas Hunt Morgan discover? | the physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes by studying fruit flies (chromosomes contain genes) |
| What during meiosis accounts for Mendel's law of segregation and independent assortment? | the behavior of chromosomes |
| Chromosome theory of inheritance | Mendelian genes have specific loci on chromosomes and chromosomes undergo independent assortment and segregation |
| Law of segregation | the 2 alleles for each gene separate during gamete formation |
| Law of independent assortment | alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation |
| Hybridization | mating two contrasting, true-breeding varieties |
| True breeding | parents are homozygous |
| What specifically did Mendel discover? | alleles/different sequences of nucleotides, an organism inherits two alleles (one from each parent), if alleles differ, dominant determines appearance, and the law of segregation |
| Complete dominance | if you have a dominant allele, that allele is expressed |
| Inheritance patterns that deviate from Mendelian inheritance | when alleles are not completely dominant or recessive, when a gene has more than 2 alleles, and when a gene produces multiple phenotypes |
| Codominance | 2 different alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways ; neither allele is dominant over the other (ex. flowers that can be pink, white, or red) |
| Blood type is both | codominant and has multiple alleles |
| Multiple alleles | more than 2 allele forms (ex. blood type A, B, O, AB) |
| Pleiotropy | single gene with a multitude of phenotypes |
| How are traits determined by two or more genes? | epistasis and polygenetic inheritance |
| Epistasis | the phenotypic expression of one gene affects the expression of another gene (ex. Labrador retrievers coat color depending on 2 genes) |
| Polygenetic information | a single phenotypic character is affected by two or more genes (ex. skin color) |
| Linked genes | tend to inherit together because they are close to each other on a chromosome |
| Sex-linked gene | a gene that is located one either sex chromosome |
| X-linked gene | genes on the X chromosome |
| Y-linked gene | genes on the Y chromosome |
| X-linked traits disproportionately affect... | males |
| Alternations of chromosome number or structure cause... | some genetic disorders and even spontaneous abortions |
| Alternations of chromosome structure | deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation |
| Deletion | removes a chromosomal segment |
| Duplication | repeats a segment |
| Inversion | reverses a segment within a chromosome |
| Translocation | moves a segment from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome |
| Abnormal chromosome number | nondisjunction causing monosomic or trisomic |
| Nondisjunction | failure to separate in meiosis during anaphase |
| Monosomic | one chromosome where there should be a pair |
| Trisomic | three chromosomes where there should be a pair |
Created by:
kkade
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