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TOPIC 3

NUCLEUS

QuestionAnswer
what is the nucleus • the nucleus contains almost all of the DNA in a eurkaryotic cell • site of DNA replication, RNA transcription, RNA processing and ribosome assembly • surrounded by nuclear envelope that is continuous with ER the nucleus
explain the model of the nucleus • surrounded by double membrane • topologically equivalent to the cytosol • further organization within nucleus
electron micrograph of nucleus • may be up to 400 nuclear pores • each pore can move up to 500 macromolecules / sec
what is chromatin • nucleus about 5 – 10 μm in diameter • single chromosome may measure 10 cm or more! • DNA must be compacted Fig.16-16
describe histones and nucleosomes • core unit is called a nucleosome • consists of histones (2 units each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) and a linker region
what is the importance of chromatin how DNA is packaged can regulate gene expression • heterochromatin vs. euchromatin • epigenetics chicken study
what is nuclear envelope • surrounded by a double membrane • this membrane continues and becomes the endoplasmic reticulum
where is the nucleus and ER diagram
what is the NPC this system represents gated transport, where small water soluble molecules (<5kDa) difuse passively while larger molecules must be actively transported Fig.16-31
nuclear transport? diagram and with large molecules
what are the nuclear localization signals nuclei and cytosol
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