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Earth Science Test

TermDefinition
Active continental margins occur along plate boundaries
Passive continental margin does not occur along plate boundary
Transform fault (strike - slip) Horizontal movement Example San Andreas Fault
CONVERGE to come together
DIVERGE to separate
CONVERGENT BOUNDARY a boundary at which two plates collide, causing mountain building or subduction.
SUBDUCTION the process of one plate sliding under another. The denser plate is driven down into the mantle.
PLATE BOUNDARIES the edges where different plates on Earth are touching.
Normal fault Vertical movement Footwall goes down & hang goes down
Plate distinct sections of the lithosphere which make up the outermost layer of the Earth
lithosphere the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
Asthenosphere the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
Reverse fault Vertical movement Hanging wall goes up and the footwall goes do
Anticline rock strata (rock layers) is folded upwards Oldest at the bottom youngest at the top
Syncline rock strata is folded downwards - the youngest rocks are the the top and the oldest at the bottom
Monocline Oldest at the bottom, youngest at the top and only one side is pushed upwards
Evidence of uplift Raised beaches - beach elevation has changed over time (oldest beach towards the top & newest beach is at the lowest elevation) Benchmark - re-surveyed and found that the elevation is now higher than it originally was
Tilting rock strata is at an angle Caused by compressional forces or mountain building
Overturning Caused by extreme folding **oldest is on the top and youngest is underneath
Joint Cracks in the bedrock due to stress, there is NO movement
Vein Cracks in the rock that have filled in with a mineral solution, which has crystallized
Geosyncline Caused by the accumulation of sediments at the mouth of a stream or river
Given credit for plate tectonics (Unlikely you'll see on quiz) Alfred Wegener
Created by: dth2
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