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243 CH 48, 49, 50

243 EXAM 4

TermDefinition
soft tissue injury blunt tissue trauma, disrupted tendons and ligaments, bone fractures
contusion direct trauma, skin remains intact, local hemorrhage
hematoma large area of local hemorrhage, pressure buildup
laceration torn skin
strain stretching injury to a muscle caused by mechanical overloading, pain, stiff, swell
sprain involves ligaments around the joint, abnormal or excessive movement
dislocation displacement or seperation of the bone ends of a joint
subluxation partial dislocation, bone ends are still in partial contact
fractures bone is broken, sudden injury, fatigue or stress, pathologic
oblique fracture diagonal break
open/ compound fracture bone has pierced through skin
comminuted fracture bone has broken into two or more pieces
impacted fracture compression, crushed
segmented fracture segment of bone is broken out
spiral fracture break spirals up
transverse fracture clean break, perpendicular to bone
greenstick fracture partially broke, not clean break
fracture manifestations pain, tender, loss of function, deformity, abnormal mobility, flail chest
flail chest rib fracture, abnormal lung motion
stages of bone healing hematoma formation, cellular proliferation, callus formation, remodeling
hematoma formation blood clot
cellular proliferation neovascularization (new blood vessels), fibrin forms
callus formation ossification, reparative, cartilage builds where bone was, osteoblasts come in to build bone
osteoblasts build new bone, ossify
remodeling reorganization of newly formed bone, along lines of dtress
osteoclasts reabsorb and break down bone, shape bone
factors delaying bone healing age, medication, disease, stress, circulation, coagulation, nutrition, endocrine
union of fracture fracture heals solid enough to withstand normal stresses
malunion healing with deformity, visible on radiograph
delayed union failure of fracture to unite within normal period of time
nonunion failure to produce union, cessation of bone repair 4 -6 months
fracture blisters skin bullae represents epidermal necrosis, edema separates epidermis and dermis layer, epidermal layer starts to die
compartment syndrome increased pressure compromises circulation and function of tissue in the space, damages nerves and vessels
osteomyelitis infection in the bone, microorganism introduced during injury, operation or from blood stream
microorganism in osteomyelitis proliferates in bone, produces cell death, spreads in bone shaft, incites inflammatory response
hematogenous originates with infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream
contiguous spread osteomyelitis secondary to a contiguous focus of infection (open fracture), direct inoculation from exogenous source
osteoarthritis degenerative joint disease, progressive erosion of cartilage and synovitis, bony enlargement, forming bone spurs or osteophytes
osteoarthritis pathogenesis mechanical injury, wear and tear, damage to articular cartilage, inflammation, osteophyte formation
osteoarthritis manifestations sudden or insidious, pain relived with rest, crepitus, limited joint motion, joint stiffness
osteoporosis bone mass lost to the point where the skeleton is no longer able to withstand unexpected or normal mechanical forces, porous, weak and brittle
modifiable osteoporosis risk factors calcium deficiency, smoking, high caffeine, high alcohol, sedentary, malnutrition
osteoporosis manifestations asymptomatic until fracture occurs, loss of 2 inches standing height, back pain, kyphosis
spinal abnormalities scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis
lordosis common in pregnancy, J curve
scoliosis S shaped curve
osteoarthritis
Created by: ahommel
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