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Bacteria and Viruses

Study Stack for Biology

QuestionAnswer
Eubacteria (largest group) cell wall made of “peptidoglycan.” (combination of a protein and CHO).
Archaebacteria (smaller group): cell wall made of lipids. ** found in very harsh climates
Prokaryotes no nucleus
Plasmids extra loops of DNA inside the cell. ** often what codes for poisonous chemicals.
Bacilli (bacillus = one) rod shaped
Cocci (coccus = one) spherical (round).
staphylococci (staph) cluster of cells.
streptococci (strep) string of cells.
spirilla (spirilas = one) spiral shaped.
brownian movement wiggle back and forth
Gram positive stains purple stain because of a think, porous cell wall ** typically more affected by antibiotics.
Gram negative stains pink because of a thinner, less porous cell wall.
Parasites cause sickness and disease, possibly death (spinal meningitis.)
chemo-autotrophs make their own food.
Refrigeration / freezing slows / stops growth
canning kills bacteria with heat, then seals the container (no more can get in.)
dehydration removes water (primary growth requirement!)
Curing uses salt / preservatives to remove water by osmosis.
radiation UV light wrecks the DNA of the bacteria.
Antibiotics kill bacteria by: a. Destroying the cell wall b. Destroying the DNA c. preventing protein synthesis
resistance bacteria are not affected by an antibiotic.
Aerobic with oxygen
obligate aerobes must have oxygen.
Anaerobic without oxygen
obligate anaerobes cannot live in environments with oxygen
facultative prefer one type of environment but can live in either
Asexual binary fission
Sexual conjugation
Endospore dormant structures that survive unfavorable conditions ** do not increase the population, only allows survival of the species.
Photosynthesis blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
Created by: Ally_gardner
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