Organizations of people sharing a common interest; interest groups (lobbies) make policy-related appeals to the government

Membership interest groups

organizations open to public membership that allow members to gather to engage in civil or political action (e.g. AARP, ACLU, NAACP, National Rifle Association)

benefits for both interest group members and non-members

Public-interest groups

groups seeking to provide benefits (public goods) for the broader public beyond just the group’s members

when people reap the benefits of interest group action but without participating in the group

Incentives to join interest groups

material, informational, solidary, and purposive, Material incentives: money,Informational incentives: benefits for an individual to spread knowledge,Solidary incentives: social rewards,Purposive incentives: character benefits gained from serving a cause

interest group activity that involves influencing legislators to either approve or reject bills by providing them with specialist information

interest group activity that involves establishing close relationships with legislators and public officials; it highlights the “revolving door” in politics, when legislators and public officials leave office to become lobbyists (and vice versa)

an interest group activity that involves filing or supporting lawsuits in the courts; examples include providing funding for individuals/groups and providing amicus curiae (“friends of the court”) briefs for legal cases

Electoral interest group processes

interest group activities including voter mobilization, initiatives such as petitions and ballot measures, and campaign financing (e.g. political action committees)

interest group activities that include organizing and/or supporting protests, marches, boycotts, and civil disobedience (e.g. strikes, pickets, sit-ins, disruptions)

Sociologist who proposed the theory of elitism in his 1956 book The Power Elite

Political scientist who supported the interest group theory of pluralism, Dahl emphasized bottom-up political processes.

Political scientist who described the concept of interest-group liberalism in his 1969 book The End of Liberalism, Lowi argued that interest-group liberalism has largely resulted in the general public being shut out of governemnt since the 1930s

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Interest Groups

Final Gov

Term	Definition
Interest groups	Organizations of people sharing a common interest; interest groups (lobbies) make policy-related appeals to the government
Institutional interest groups	Individuals, organizations, or offices representing other interest group organizations; they are generally not open to broad public membership (e.g. Amazon, Ford, the NFL)
Membership interest groups	organizations open to public membership that allow members to gather to engage in civil or political action (e.g. AARP, ACLU, NAACP, National Rifle Association)
Public goods	benefits for both interest group members and non-members
Public-interest groups	groups seeking to provide benefits (public goods) for the broader public beyond just the group’s members
Free riding	when people reap the benefits of interest group action but without participating in the group
Incentives to join interest groups	material, informational, solidary, and purposive, Material incentives: money,Informational incentives: benefits for an individual to spread knowledge,Solidary incentives: social rewards,Purposive incentives: character benefits gained from serving a cause
Direct lobbying	interest group activity that involves influencing legislators to either approve or reject bills by providing them with specialist information
Obtaining access	interest group activity that involves establishing close relationships with legislators and public officials; it highlights the “revolving door” in politics, when legislators and public officials leave office to become lobbyists (and vice versa)
Litigation	an interest group activity that involves filing or supporting lawsuits in the courts; examples include providing funding for individuals/groups and providing amicus curiae (“friends of the court”) briefs for legal cases
Electoral interest group processes	interest group activities including voter mobilization, initiatives such as petitions and ballot measures, and campaign financing (e.g. political action committees)
Public appeals	interest group activities that include organizing and/or supporting protests, marches, boycotts, and civil disobedience (e.g. strikes, pickets, sit-ins, disruptions)
C. Wright Mills	Sociologist who proposed the theory of elitism in his 1956 book The Power Elite
Robert Dahl	Political scientist who supported the interest group theory of pluralism, Dahl emphasized bottom-up political processes.
Theodore Lowi	Political scientist who described the concept of interest-group liberalism in his 1969 book The End of Liberalism, Lowi argued that interest-group liberalism has largely resulted in the general public being shut out of governemnt since the 1930s

Created by: onowak

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