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Meiosis and Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Meiosis produces | Gametes (eggs and sperm) |
| For each cell that undergoes meiosis, how many resultant gametes are produced? | 4 |
| Where in plants does meiosis occur? | Anthers (male gametes) and Ovule (female gametes) |
| Are gametes diploid or haploid? | Haploid |
| What is the purpose of Meiosis I? | reduction and division |
| What is happening during Prophase I? | chromosomes coil and become 2 stranded nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear spindle fibers develop cross over may occur |
| What is happening during Metaphase I? | Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the center of the cell |
| What is happening during Anaphase I? | One chromosome from each pair migrates to the pole |
| What is happening during Telophase I? | nucleoli reappear two cells or two nuclei result and will then enter Division II |
| What is happening during Meiosis II? | Similar to mitosis Start with two haploid cells and end up with 4 haploid cells |
| In which type of division (mitosis or meiosis) are the daughter cells genetically identical to the original cell? | mitosis |
| What is genetics? | The biological study of heredity |
| Gene | Segment of DNA that contains the information specifying some trait Organisms have thousands of them Each gene is located on a chromosome |
| Allele | Alternative versions of a single gene ex. eye color in humans |
| Chromosome | Structure in the cell made of DNA and proteins Every organism has a unique set and number of chromosomes |
| Homologous Pair | Two chromosomes that pair together during meiosis because they code for the same genes,but they may have different alleles One chromosome comes from each parent |
| Dominant | A way to describe the allele (gene) that overshadows the other alleles |
| Recessive | A way to describe an allele (gene) that is masked or not seen unless both alleles in the gene pair are recessive |
| Phenotype | Description of the trait that the organism exhibits THIS IS WHAT YOU SEE! |
| Genotype | Designation of the actual genes that the organism carries. |
| Homozygous | Both members of a gene pair are of the same allele (both dominant or both recessive) |
| Heterozygous | The members of a gene pair are of different alleles (one dominant and one recessive) |
| What did Mendel discover? | 1. Each parent has a gene pair for each trait 2. Gene pairs become separated and sex cells receive only one allele (half of the gene pair) 3.Separation of alleles is independent of other genes 4. Dominance |
| How many traits is a monohybrid cross testing? | One trait is being tested. |
| How many traits is a dihybrid cross testing? | Two traits are being tested |
| What is the expected phenotypic ratio that results from a monohybrid mating of two heterozygous parents? | 3:1 |
| What is the expected phenotypic ratio that results from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents? | 9:3:3:1 |
Created by:
brennera
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