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Chapter 16

Vocabulary Terms

TermDefinition
Erwin Chargaff's Rule 1. DNA composition varies between organisms 2. In any species, the amount of A=T, and the amount of G=C
Antiparallel DNA subunits run in opposite directions. 5-3, 3-5
DNA replication Process where DNA is copied and cells can repair DNA
Transformation The change in genotype and phenotype due to foreign DNA
Virus DNA(sometimes RNA) enclosed by a protective coat that is usually simply protein.
Semiconservative Model Predicts when a double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have 1 old strand and 1 new strand.
DNA polymerase catalyzes elongation of new DNA at replication fork
dATP Supplies adenine to DNA
Leading strand Synthesized by DNA polymerase continuously and moves toward replication fork.
Lagging strand Elongated by DNA polymerase. Works in the opposite direction from the replication fork.
Okazaki Fragments What a lagging strand is synthesized into
DNA ligase Joins okazaki Fragments
Mismatch repair repair enzymes correct base pairing errors
nucleotide excision repair nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA
telomeres nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA
Telomerase enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells
bacterial chromosome double stranded circular DNA molecule associated with a small amount of protein
Eukaryotic chromosome Linear DNA molecule associated with a large amount of protein.
Nucleoid Region of cell where DNA is supercoiled. (bacteria)
Chromatin mixture of DNA and protein that forms chromosomes
euchromatin Loosely packed chromatin
Heterochromatin Highly condensed chromatin during interphase.
HIstones Undergo chemical modifications that changes chromatin organization.
Created by: akierah.w
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