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APES Unit 4
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| El Nino | blow northeast and southeast, warm water moves back which prevents upwelling in the Pacific Ocean (South America in particular) |
| Upwelling | bits of nutrient material that floats to the surface for sunlight which allows them to grow, causes fisheries to collapse |
| Focus | the location in the Earth's crust in which an earthquake originated |
| Bituminous Coal | a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called asphalt, dark black in color |
| Graphene | a single layer of carbon atoms |
| Bauxite | aluminum ore |
| Amalgam | an alloy containing mercury |
| Asbestos | fire retardant, used to be used in houses and buildings until revealed that its cancerous. |
| Desertification | when productive potential of topsoil falls by 10% or more, caused by prolonged droughts and human activities |
| Soil Salinization | the gradual accumulation of salts in soil from irrigation water |
| Waterlogging | when irrigation water gradually raises water table |
| The Dust Bowl | an area of Kansas and northern Texas affected by severe soil erosion, caused by windstorms, in the 1930s which forced many people to move |
| Hard Water | water that contains excess minerals, usually calcium and magnesium |
| Earthworms | "unsung heroes", breakdown organic material |
| Deep-Burrowing Earthworms | ecosystem engineers, can dig up to two meters deep |
| Topsoil | filled with nutrients and organisms, very valuable, where 95% of the world's food is grown |
| Terroir | the set of all environmental factors that affect a crop's epigenetic qualities, when a crop is grown in a specific habitat, makes food taste unique |
| Water Hold Capacity | the total amount of water soil can hold |
| Transported Soil | soil that has been moved by erosion and doesn't resemble the soil below it |
| Residual Soil | soil that has the characteristics of bedrock or the soil below it, made from weathered rocks |
| Spring | water from the ground that finds the surface and flows |
| Aquitard | poorly permeable underground layer that limits the flow of groundwater from one aquifer to another |
| Aquiclude | a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer |
| Aquifer | groundwater that can be transmitted freely |
| Barometer | measures air pressure |
| Dobson Units | used to measure ozone |
| Ozone Thinning | caused by CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals |
| Rowland and Molina | found out that the ozone layer is depleting which is a potential risk to life on Earth |
| Lentic Waters | standing bodies of water like lakes and ponds |
| Lotic Waters | flowing bodies of water like streams and rivers |
| Littoral Zone | near shore where rooted plants grow, high biodiversity |
| Limnetic Zone | open, sunlit, away from the shore. main photosynthetic zone, larger fish |
| Profundal Zone | deep, dark water, low O2 levels, no photosynthetic activity, some fish |
| Benthic Zone | deepest part of the lake, no sunlight, home to decomposers, detritus feeders, and some fish |
| Insolation | incoming solar radiation, the main source of energy for Earth |
| Photovoltaic | similar solar panels, captures sunlight and converts it to energy |
| Climate | the long term average of conditions in the atmosphere, ocean, and ice sheets described by statistics |
| Ocean Currents | driven by wind belts, deflected due to the Coriolis Effect |
| Prevailing Winds | wind belts driven by a pressure gradient, redistribute weather and air masses |
| La Nina | trade winds are even stronger than usual, pushing more warm water toward Asia. Off the west coast of the Americas, upwelling increases, bringing cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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