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plasma membranes
plasma membranes definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| membranes | the structures that separate the contents of cells from their environment and separate the different areas within cells from each other and the cytosol |
| compartmentalisation | the formation of separate membrane bound areas in a cell |
| plasma membrane | the cell surface membrane which separates the cell from it’s external environment |
| phospholipid bilayer | a two layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane |
| intrinsic proteins | transmembrane proteins that are embedded through both layers of a membrane |
| glycoproteins | embedded in the cell |
| glycolipids | lipids with attached carbohydrate chains |
| cell adhesion | when cells join together to form tight junctions in certain tissues |
| betalain | red pigment that gives them their distinctive colour |
| active | requiring metabolic energy |
| passive | utilises energy from the natural motion of particles rather than energy from another |
| equilibrium | a balance or no difference in concentrations |
| diffusion | the net movement of particles(atoms, molecules or ions) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
| simple diffusion | with the absence of a barrier or membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | involves carrier proteins that change shape when a specific molecule binds to it |
| active transport | the movement of molecules or ions into or out of a cell from a region of lower to higher concentration, requiring energy and carrier proteins |
| selective process | specific substances are transported by specific carrier proteins |
| bulk transport | another form of active transport |
| endocytosis | the bulk transport of material into cells |
| exocytosis | the bulk transport of material out of cells |
| osmosis 1 | the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a partially permeable membrane |
| osmosis 2 | the movement of water molecules from areas of high water concentration to areas of low water concentration, through a selectively permeable membrane |
| solute | substance dissolved in a solvent forming a solution |
| concentration | amount of solute in a certain volume of aqueous solution |
| water potential | the pressure exerted by water molecules as they collide with a membrane or container |
| pure water | has a water potential of 0kPa(at standard temp and atmospheric pressure 25 degrees Celsius and 100kPa) |
| cytolysis | a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell |
| crenation | the formation of abnormal notched surfaces on cells as a result of water loss through osmosis |
| turgour | the pressure against the cell wall |
Created by:
jessharris
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