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Biology Chapter 13B

Part 2 of Chapter 13 Vocab.

TermDefinition
Genetic code consists of the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA (collection of codons) each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein
Codon a sequence of three-nucleotides/triplet in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid
Translation the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in the mRNA
Anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA
Gene expression the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to carry out its function and make proteins
Mutation change in the genetic material of a cell
*Point mutation changes to the genetic sequence where a one single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted, which occurs at a single point in the DNA sequence (a single based is changed)
*Frameshift mutation the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three (shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide)
Mutagen chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation
Polyploidy an organism has extra sets of chromosomes or when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes (occurs naturally in plants, but rare in animals)
Operon in prokaryotes, a set of genes transcribed under the control of an operator gene and are transcribed into a single mRNA
Created by: Sammygaga
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